Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 202 - Principles of Zoology > ch. 35 > Flashcards

ch. 35 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a neuron?

A

“nerve cell”; specialized cell that can receive and transmit electrical and chemical signals (nerve impulses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a sensory neuron?

A

“afferent neurons”; sensory cells of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the sensory-somatic nervous system?

A

system of sensory and motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are motor neurons?

A

“efferent neurons” ; motor effectors of the CNS (ex: muscle cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the purpose of interneurons?

A

to transmit signals between other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are unipolar neurons?

A

have one structure that extends away from the soma; only found in insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are bipolar neurons?

A

has one axon and one dendrite extending from the soma; ex: retinal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are multipolar neurons?

A

the most common type of neuron; contains one axon and multiple dendrites; can be found in the CNS; ex: purkinji cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do retinal cells do?

A

receives signals from photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to light and transmits these signals to ganglion cells that carry the signal to the brain (bipolar neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are purkinji cells?

A

multipolar; in the cerebellum; has many branching dendrites but only one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are pseudounipolar neurons?

A

has a single process that extends from the soma but this process later branches into two distinct structures; most sensory neurons; have an axon that branches into two extensions: one connected to dendrites that receive sensory information and another that transmits this information to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of dendrites?

A

receives info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of the cell body of a neuron?

A

produce neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of an axon?

A

transmit info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of synaptic terminals?

A

release neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

insulate transmission (speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the nodes of ranview?

A

impulse conduction (speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are photo receptors responsible for?

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are mechano receptors responsible for?

A

tactile and auditory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are chemo receptors responsible for?

A

olfactory, gustatory, and pH, O2, and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are baro receptors responsible for?

A

blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are schwann cells?

A

glial cell that creates myelin sheath around a PNS neuron axon; myelinated one neuron

23
Q

what are oligodendrocytes?

A

glial cell that myelinates CNS neuron axons; myelinate multiple neurons

24
Q

what are astrocytes?

A

glial cell in the central nervous system that provide nutrients, extracellular buffering, and structural support for neurons; also makes up the blood-brain barrier (w/ capillaries and neurons; nourish and regulate ions; structural support of synapse

25
what are microglia?
glia that scavenge and degrade dead cells and protect the brain from invading microorganisms (CNS)
26
what are satellite glia?
glial cell that provides nutrients and structural support for neurons in the PNS
27
what are radial glia?
glia that serve as scaffolds for developing neurons as they migrate to their final destinations (guides them)
28
what is an ependymal?
cell that lines fluid-filled ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord; involved in production of cerebrospinal fluid and maintains homeostasis; clears out waste
29
what is the resting potential of a neuron?
-70 mV
30
what electrochemical gradients do?
move ions from high to low concentration (def: a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient)
31
what is resting potential linked to?
K+ permeability; the difference in the number of positively charged potassium ions (K+) inside and outside the cell
32
what are voltage-gated ion channels?
Ion channels that change their structure in response to voltage changes; they regulate the relative concentrations of different ions inside and outside the cell
33
when regarding action potentials, what is a small stimulus?
when NA+ leaks in, slight depolarization, no small stimulus causes a failed initiation
34
when regarding action potentials, what is a strong stimulus?
NA+ leaks in, the threshold is reached, successful initiation
35
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter released by neurons in the CNS and PNS
36
action potential
self-propagating momentary change in the electrical potential of a neuron membrane
37
alzheimer’s disease
neurodegenerative disorder characterized by problems with memory and thinking
38
amygdala
structure within the lambic system that processes fear
39
arachnoid matter
spiderweb-like middle layer of the meninges that cover the CNS
40
astrocyte
glial cell in the CNS that provides nutrients, extracellular buffering, and structural support for neurons; also makes up the blood-brain barrier
41
ADHD
neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulty maintaining attention and controlling impulses
42
autism spectrum disorder
neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication abilities
43
autonomic nervous system
part of the PNS that controls bodily functions
44
axon
tube-like structure that propagates a signal from a neuron’s cell body to axon terminals
45
basal ganglia
interconnected collections of cells in the brain that are involved in movement and motivation; also known as basal nuclei
46
brainstem
portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord; controls basic nervous system functions like breathing, heart rate, and swallowing
47
cerebellum
brain structure involved in posture, motor coordination, and learning new motor actions
48
cerebral cortex
outermost sheet of brain tissue; involved in many higher-order functions
49
cerebrospinal fluid
clear liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and fills the ventricles and central canal; acts as a shock absorber and circulates material throughout the brain and spinal cord
50
choroid plexus
spongy tissue within ventricles that produces cerebrospinal fluid
51
cingulate gyrus
helps regulate emotions and pain; through to directly drive the body;s conscious response to unpleasant experiences
52
corpus callous
thick fibers bundle that connects the cerebral hemispheres
53
cranial nerve
sensory and/or motor nerve that emanates from the brain

BIO 202 - Principles of Zoology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions