Ch. 34

Question 1

Peristalsis

Answer 1

contractions that propel food through the length of the GI tract, pushes the food.

Question 2

Chyme

Answer 2

a semifluid material, mixes with digestive juices.

Question 3

Flatus

Answer 3

Gas

Question 4

Cathartic

Answer 4

agent used to empty the bowel

Question 5

Stoma

Answer 5

artificial opening in the abdominal wall

Question 6

Hemorrhoids

Answer 6

Dilated rectal veins

Question 7

Melena

Answer 7

black tarry stool

Question 8

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 8

Contraction of abdominal muscles, while forcing expiration against a closed airway.

Question 9

Constipation of the older adult is usually result from?

Answer 9

decreased fiber and fluid in diet.

Question 10

As a result of diarrhea, a pt is at risk for?

Answer 10

fluid and electrolyte disturbances and anal irritation.

Question 11

What types of patients should be cautioned against straining during defecation?

Answer 11

Should be cautioned against straining (valsalva maneuver) on defecation if they have cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound.

Question 12

The effect fecal incontinence can have on an individual is?

Answer 12

can create skin breakdown, embarrassment, a change in body image, social isolation, depression.

Question 13

Factors that interfere with bowel elimination and peristalsis?

Answer 13

Slower esophageal emptying, immobilization, consumption of lean meats, emotional depression, abdominal surgery, parkinson disease, use of narcotic analgesics.

Question 14

Risk factors for colon cancer?

Answer 14

• age older than 50
• family history of colorectal cancer
• ethnocultural background
• urban residence
• high dietary intake of fats, with low fiber intake.

Question 15

What is the correct position for an adult patient to receive an enema?

Answer 15

left sims position

Question 16

An enema that is used for patients to treat hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

Kayexalate enema

Question 17

How does a hypertonic enema work?

Answer 17

it works by exerting osmotic pressure, pulling fluid from interstitial spaces filling the colon with fluid- the distention in the colon promotes defecation.

Question 18

Commonly used OTC enema?

Answer 18

fleet enema

Question 19

What are the following correct practices that should be included in the teaching plan for a patient with an ostomy?

Answer 19

• emptying the pouch when its one-fouth to one-half full.
• Applying kenalog spray for a yeast infection.
• Using the same manufactures flange and pouch
• cutting the pouch opening 1/16- 1/8 inch larger than the stoma.
• applying a skin barrier around the stoma

Question 20

Fecal characteristics are expected findings?

Answer 20

• yellow infants stool
• soft, formed stool
• 150 mg/ day average amount of stool

Question 21

What may be delegated to assistive personnel?

Answer 21

Enema administration

Question 22

For an adult patient who will receive an enema recognizes that the tube should be:

Answer 22

inserted 3-4 inches and the height of the bag for a regular enema should be 12 inches.

Question 23

Nasogastric tube irrigation is usually done with:

Answer 23

30 mL of saline (solution). suction applied to the NG tube is usually low intermittent.

Question 24

7 Steps for the nasogastric tube insertion:

Answer 24

1. Ausculatate for bowel sounds
2. prepare the equipment
3. perform hand hygiene
4. Measure the distance to insert the tube
5. insert the tube past the nasopharynx
6. have the patient drink water and swallow
7. ask the patient to talk

Question 25

What are the correct actions for pouching an ostomy?

Answer 25

Cleanse the skin with warm tap water.

-cut the opening of the barrier 1/16 in- 1/8 in larger than the stoma.

Question 26

Normal defecation in the acute or long term care environment may be promoted by:

Answer 26

high fiber diet, fluids, exercise,/ activity, proper positioning, and by allowing time and privacy.