Ch 17 Flashcards
cations
positively charged electrolytes
isotonic
having the same osmotic pressure
Osmosis
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Anions
Negatively charged electrolytes
Filtration
Movement of solutes out of a solution with greater hydrostatic pressure.
Osmolarity
Number of molecules in a liter solution
Hypotonic
having a lower osmotic pressure.
Active transport
Movement of molecules to an area of higher concentration.
Extracellular fluid
All fluids outside of the cell.
Interstitial fluid
Fluid between the cells and outside of the blood vessels
Intracellular fluid
All fluids within the cell.
Sodium
Cation; extracellular -maintenance of water balance , nerve impulse transmission, regulation of acid-base balance, and participation in cellular chemical reactions.
Potassium
Cation; intracellular- necessary for glycogen deposits in the liver and skeletal muscle, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, cardiac rhythm and skeletal and smooth muscle contraction.
Calcium
Cation, intracellular- bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cell membrane integrity, cardiac conduction transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction.
Magnesium
Cation, intracellular- enzyme activities, neuro chemical activities, and cardiac and skeletal muscle excitability.
Chloride
Anion; extracellular- follows sodium
Bicarbonate
Anion; both intracellular and extracellular-major chemical base buffer
Acid-base balance in the body is regulated by?
-chemical, biological, and phycological.
Identify types of medications that may cause fluid, electrolyte, or acid-base imbalances?
Diuretics, steroids, potassium supplements, antibiotics, antacids, respiratory center depressants, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide