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General Bio 1106 > Ch. 32 Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Ch. 32 Plant Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

accessory fruit

A

fruit derived from tissues other than the ovary

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2
Q

aggregate fruit

A

fruit that develops from multiple carpels in the same flower

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3
Q

aleurone

A

single layer of cells just inside the seed coat that secretes enzymes upon germination

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4
Q

androecium

A

sum of all the stamens in a flower

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5
Q

antipodals

A

the three cells away from the micropyle

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6
Q

apomixis

A

process by which seeds are produced without fertilization of sperm and egg

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7
Q

coleoptile

A

covering of the shoot tip, found in germinating monocot seeds

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8
Q

coleorhiza

A

covering of the root tip, found in germinating monocot seeds

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9
Q

cotyledon

A

fleshy part of seed that provides nutrition to the seed

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10
Q

cross-pollination

A

transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower

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11
Q

cutting

A

method of asexual reproduction where a portion of the stem contains notes and internodes is placed in moist soil and allowed to root

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12
Q

dormancy

A

period of no growth and very slow metabolic processes

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13
Q

double fertilization

A

two fertilization events in angiosperms; one sperm fuses with the egg, forming the zygote, whereas
the other sperm fuses with the polar nuclei, forming endosperm

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14
Q

endocarp

A

innermost part of fruit

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15
Q

endosperm

A

triploid structure resulting from fusion of a sperm with polar nuclei, which serves as a nutritive tissue for embryo

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16
Q

endosperm dicot

A

dicot that stores food reserves in the endosperm

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17
Q

epicotyl

A

embryonic shoot above the cotyledons

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18
Q

exine

A

outermost covering of pollen

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19
Q

exocarp

A

outermost covering of a fruit

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20
Q

gametophyte

A

multicellular stage of the plant that gives rise to haploid gametes or spores

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21
Q

grafting

A

method of asexual reproduction where the stem from one plant species is spliced to a different plant

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22
Q

gravitropism

A

response of a plant growth in the same direction as gravity

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23
Q

gynoecium

A

the sum of all the carpels in a flower

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24
Q

hypocotyl

A

embryonic axis above the cotyledons

25
Q

intine

A

inner lining of the pollen

26
Q

layering

A

method of propagating plants by bending a stem under the soil

27
Q

megagametogenesis

A

secondphaseoffemalegametophytedevelopment,duringwhichthesurvivinghaploidmegaspore undergoes mitosis to produce an eight-nucleate, seven-cell female gametophyte, also known as the megagametophyte or embryo sac.

28
Q

megasporangium

A

tissue found in the ovary that gives rise to the female gamete or egg

29
Q

megasporogenesis

A

first phase of female gametophyte development, during which a single cell in the diploid megasporangium undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, only one of which survives

30
Q

megasporophyll

A

bract (a type of modified leaf) on the central axis of a female gametophyte

31
Q

mesocarp

A

middle part of a fruit

32
Q

micropropagation

A

propagation of desirable plants from a plant part; carried out in a laboratory

33
Q

micropyle

A

opening on the ovule sac through which the pollen tube can gain entry

34
Q

microsporangium

A

tissue that gives rise to the microspores or the pollen grain

35
Q

microsporophyll

A

central axis of a male cone on which bracts (a type of modified leaf) are attached

36
Q

monocarpic

A

plants that flower once in their lifetime

37
Q

multiple fruit

A

fruit that develops from multiple flowers on an inflorescence

38
Q

nectar guide

A

pigment pattern on a flower that guides an insect to the nectaries

39
Q

non-endospermic dicot

A

dicot that stores food reserves in the developing cotyledon

40
Q

perianth

A

(also, petal or sepal) part of the flower consisting of the calyx and/or corolla; forms the outer envelope of the flower

41
Q

pericarp

A

collective term describing the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp; the structure that encloses the seed and is a part of the fruit

42
Q

plumule

A

shoot that develops from the germinating seed

43
Q

polar nuclei

A

found in the ovule sac; fusion with one sperm cell forms the endosperm

44
Q

pollination

A

transfer of pollen to the stigma

45
Q

polycarpic

A

plants that flower several times in their lifetime

46
Q

radicle

A

original root that develops from the germinating seed

47
Q

scarification

A

mechanical or chemical processes to soften the seed coat

48
Q

scion

A

the part of a plant that is grafted onto the root stock of another plant

49
Q

scutellum

A

type of cotyledon found in monocots, as in grass seeds

50
Q

self- pollination

A

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of same flower

51
Q

senescence

A

process that describes aging in plant tissues

52
Q

simple fruit

A

fruit that develops from a single carpel or fused carpels

53
Q

sporophyte

A

multicellular diploid stage in plants that is formed after the fusion of male and female gametes

54
Q

suspensor

A

part of the growing embryo that makes connection with the maternal tissues

55
Q

synergid

A

type of cell found in the ovule sac that secretes chemicals to guide the pollen tube towards the egg

56
Q

tegmen

A

inner layer of the seed coat

57
Q

testa

A

outer layer of the seed coat

58
Q

vernalization

A

exposure to cold required y some some seeds before they can germinate

General Bio 1106 (6 decks)

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