Ch. 32 Plant Reproduction

Question 1

accessory fruit

Answer 1

fruit derived from tissues other than the ovary

Question 2

aggregate fruit

Answer 2

fruit that develops from multiple carpels in the same flower

Question 3

aleurone

Answer 3

single layer of cells just inside the seed coat that secretes enzymes upon germination

Question 4

androecium

Answer 4

sum of all the stamens in a flower

Question 5

antipodals

Answer 5

the three cells away from the micropyle

Question 6

apomixis

Answer 6

process by which seeds are produced without fertilization of sperm and egg

Question 7

coleoptile

Answer 7

covering of the shoot tip, found in germinating monocot seeds

Question 8

coleorhiza

Answer 8

covering of the root tip, found in germinating monocot seeds

Question 9

cotyledon

Answer 9

fleshy part of seed that provides nutrition to the seed

Question 10

cross-pollination

Answer 10

transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower

Question 11

cutting

Answer 11

method of asexual reproduction where a portion of the stem contains notes and internodes is placed in moist soil and allowed to root

Question 12

dormancy

Answer 12

period of no growth and very slow metabolic processes

Question 13

double fertilization

Answer 13

two fertilization events in angiosperms; one sperm fuses with the egg, forming the zygote, whereas
the other sperm fuses with the polar nuclei, forming endosperm

Question 14

endocarp

Answer 14

innermost part of fruit

Question 15

endosperm

Answer 15

triploid structure resulting from fusion of a sperm with polar nuclei, which serves as a nutritive tissue for embryo

Question 16

endosperm dicot

Answer 16

dicot that stores food reserves in the endosperm

Question 17

epicotyl

Answer 17

embryonic shoot above the cotyledons

Question 18

exine

Answer 18

outermost covering of pollen

Question 19

exocarp

Answer 19

outermost covering of a fruit

Question 20

gametophyte

Answer 20

multicellular stage of the plant that gives rise to haploid gametes or spores

Question 21

grafting

Answer 21

method of asexual reproduction where the stem from one plant species is spliced to a different plant

Question 22

gravitropism

Answer 22

response of a plant growth in the same direction as gravity

Question 23

gynoecium

Answer 23

the sum of all the carpels in a flower

Question 24

hypocotyl

Answer 24

embryonic axis above the cotyledons

Question 25

intine

Answer 25

inner lining of the pollen

Question 26

layering

Answer 26

method of propagating plants by bending a stem under the soil

Question 27

megagametogenesis

Answer 27

secondphaseoffemalegametophytedevelopment,duringwhichthesurvivinghaploidmegaspore undergoes mitosis to produce an eight-nucleate, seven-cell female gametophyte, also known as the megagametophyte or embryo sac.

Question 28

megasporangium

Answer 28

tissue found in the ovary that gives rise to the female gamete or egg

Question 29

megasporogenesis

Answer 29

first phase of female gametophyte development, during which a single cell in the diploid megasporangium undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, only one of which survives

Question 30

megasporophyll

Answer 30

bract (a type of modified leaf) on the central axis of a female gametophyte

Question 31

mesocarp

Answer 31

middle part of a fruit

Question 32

micropropagation

Answer 32

propagation of desirable plants from a plant part; carried out in a laboratory

Question 33

micropyle

Answer 33

opening on the ovule sac through which the pollen tube can gain entry

Question 34

microsporangium

Answer 34

tissue that gives rise to the microspores or the pollen grain

Question 35

microsporophyll

Answer 35

central axis of a male cone on which bracts (a type of modified leaf) are attached

Question 36

monocarpic

Answer 36

plants that flower once in their lifetime

Question 37

multiple fruit

Answer 37

fruit that develops from multiple flowers on an inflorescence

Question 38

nectar guide

Answer 38

pigment pattern on a flower that guides an insect to the nectaries

Question 39

non-endospermic dicot

Answer 39

dicot that stores food reserves in the developing cotyledon

Question 40

perianth

Answer 40

(also, petal or sepal) part of the flower consisting of the calyx and/or corolla; forms the outer envelope of the flower

Question 41

pericarp

Answer 41

collective term describing the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp; the structure that encloses the seed and is a part of the fruit

Question 42

plumule

Answer 42

shoot that develops from the germinating seed

Question 43

polar nuclei

Answer 43

found in the ovule sac; fusion with one sperm cell forms the endosperm

Question 44

pollination

Answer 44

transfer of pollen to the stigma

Question 45

polycarpic

Answer 45

plants that flower several times in their lifetime

Question 46

radicle

Answer 46

original root that develops from the germinating seed

Question 47

scarification

Answer 47

mechanical or chemical processes to soften the seed coat

Question 48

scion

Answer 48

the part of a plant that is grafted onto the root stock of another plant

Question 49

scutellum

Answer 49

type of cotyledon found in monocots, as in grass seeds

Question 50

self- pollination

Answer 50

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of same flower

Question 51

senescence

Answer 51

process that describes aging in plant tissues

Question 52

simple fruit

Answer 52

fruit that develops from a single carpel or fused carpels

Question 53

sporophyte

Answer 53

multicellular diploid stage in plants that is formed after the fusion of male and female gametes

Question 54

suspensor

Answer 54

part of the growing embryo that makes connection with the maternal tissues

Question 55

synergid

Answer 55

type of cell found in the ovule sac that secretes chemicals to guide the pollen tube towards the egg

Question 56

tegmen

Answer 56

inner layer of the seed coat

Question 57

testa

Answer 57

outer layer of the seed coat

Question 58

vernalization

Answer 58

exposure to cold required y some some seeds before they can germinate