Ch 3.2/3.3 : Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and any other membrane-bound organelle

• Its prokaryotic DNA is found in the nucleoid
• Nucleoid : central part of the cell

Question 2

Main Components of Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

• DNA (In the Nucleoid)
• Plasma membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

• Consists of a ___ bilayer
• Lipid Ls –> Hydrophobic regions
• Proetins –> channels

Answer 3

Part of PROKARYOTE CELLS & EUKARYOTE CELLS

Consists of a phospholipid bilayer (“double layer”)
- Lipid layers have hydrophobic regions pointed inward
- The proteins embedded within bilayer can act as channels for molecules, ions, and water to pass into/out of cell

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

Part of PROKARYOTE CELLS & EUKARYOTE CELLS

Consists of RNA and proteins

• Prok Cells –> Found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of a cell
• Euk Cells –> found attached to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Cytoplasm

• Gel like ___ that fill the __
• Helps hold ___

Answer 5

ONLY FOUND IN PROKARYOTE CELLS

Gel-like cytosol (mostly water) that fills the space within the cell
- Helps to hold organelles in place

Question 6

Main Components of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 6

• DNA (IN NUCLEUS)
• Plasma Membrane
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus
• Mitochondria
• Flagella(um)
• Cilia
• Chloroplast

Question 7

Cilia

Answer 7

Part of EUKARYOTE CELLS
Large numbers of small hair like structures
- Move in coordinated pulses

Question 8

Flagella (Flagellum)

Answer 8

Part of EUKARYOTE CELLS AND SOME PROKARYOTES

Consists of one or two long tail like structures

Question 9

The Nucleus

Answer 9

ONLY FOUND IN EUKARYOTES

Is the membrane enclosed organelle within a cell
- The nucleus contains chromatin which goes on to form chromosomes
- DNA and proteins are found in chromatin

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- RER
- SER

Answer 10

ONLY FOUND IN EUKARYOTES

It is a continuous membrane system that
modifies proteins and synthesize lipids

Two Types :
1. Rough ER
2. Soft ER

Question 11

Rough ER
- Has R
- R –> P.F.QC.D of proteins

Answer 11

• Has ribosomes attached to its surface

Function :
- Ribosomes in RER are involved in the production, folding, quality control and dispatch of proteins

Question 12

Soft ER
- No R

Functions are :
- Syn of C.L.SH
- Detox of M & P
- Helps w AM
- S of CI

Answer 12

• Doesn’t have ribosomes

Functions are :
- Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and steroid hormones
- Detoxification of medications and poisons
- Alcohol metabolism
- Storage of calcium ions

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

• Memb sacs
• Receives P –> P & S for transport

Answer 13

ONLY FOUND IN EUKARYOTES

Is a series of membranous sacs

Function :
- It receives the proteins created from the ER and it processes and sorts them for transport to their final destination

Question 14

Mitochondria
- Double MO –> R & DNA
- Each M –> PB w/ Pro
- Creates ___ –> energy M

Answer 14

ONLY FOUND IN EUKARYOTES

A double-membrane organelle that has its own ribosomes and DNA
- Each membrane is a
phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

Function :
- Responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy molecule

Question 15

Chloroplasts

• MBO –> conduct Ph. in PC

Answer 15

ONLY FOUND IN EUKARYOTES

A membrane-bound organelle that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant cells

Question 16

Similarities of Pro & Euk Cells

Answer 16

Both have :
- DNA
- Ribosomes
- Plasma Membrane
- Flagellum

Question 17

Differences in Pro & Euk Cells

Answer 17

Only prokaryotes have cytoplasm; Eukaryotes dont

Only eukaryotes have a NUCLEUS and have membrane bound organelles
- Membrane bound organelles :
1. endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Chloroplasts
4. Mitochondria

Question 18

Animal vs Plant Cells

PC
- CW –> cellulose
- C –> photo.
- P = G & O

AC
- Get ___ elsewhere

Answer 18

Plant cells have:
- Cell wall made of cellulose
- Chloroplasts for photosynthesizing
- Photosynthesis : process of making glucose and oxygen

Animal cells :
- Animals cells get their glucose elsewhere

Question 19

Endosymbiosis Theory

Answer 19

The endosymbiotic theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplasts in today’s eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes