Ch 1.1 : Concepts of Biology Flashcards
Timeline :
380 million years ago (Animals)
Animals move onto land
Timeline :
560 million years ago (Multi Celled)
First multi-celled animals
Timeline :
2.5 billion years ago (euk)
First complex single celled orgs (eukaryotes)
Timeline :
3.5 billion years ago (Prok)
First single-celled orgs (prokaryotes)
Timeline :
4.5 billion years ago (E Forms)
Earth forms
Timeline :
300,000 years ago (Hum)
Modern humans
Timeline :
230–66 million years ago
Non-bird dinosaurs roamed Earth
8 Characteristics of Life
(O. SS. R. A. G. H. M. E.)
- Order
- Sensitivity/timuli
- Reproduction
- Adaptation
- Growth
- Homeostasis
- Metabolism
- Evolution
Order (Characteristic of Life)
Organisms are highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells
Stimuli (Characteristic of Life)
Organisms respond to diverse stimuli
- Ex : plant bends towards source of light
Movement toward a stimulus → positive response
Movement away from a stimulus → negative response
Reproduction (Characteristic of Life)
Ability to reproduce (sexual or asexual)
Single-celled organisms reproduce by duplicating their DNA and then dividing it equally to form two new cells
- DNA containing genes is passed onto an organism’s offspring
Adaptation (Characteristic of Life)
Adaptation occurs through evolution
- All living organisms exhibit a “fit” to their environment
- Adaptations enhance the reproductive potential of the organism
Growth (Characteristic of Life)
Organisms grow by developing over time
- Genes provide instructions to direct cellular growth
Homeostasis (Characteristic of Life)
Refers to the relatively stable internal environment required to maintain internal factors, such as:
- blood pressure
- temperature
- water balance
Metabolism (Characteristic of Life)
Refers to the use and processing of resources through chemical reactions to obtain energy
Evolution (Characteristic of Life)
Diversity of life is a result of mutations, which are random changes in hereditary material
- Mutations allow organisms to evolve to a changing environment
9 Organization Levels of Living Things
(A. M. O. C. T. O/OS. OPC. E. B.)
Smallest unit to Largest unit :
1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Organelles
4. Cells
5. Tissues
6. Organ & Organ System
7. Organisms, populations & communities
8. Ecosystem
9. Biosphere
Atom
A basic unit of matter that consists of a nucleus and surrounded by electrons
- Atoms form molecules
Molecule
A chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond
Organelles
Structures that perform specialized functions within a cell
Cells
The smallest fundamental unit of the structure and function in living organisms
- Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- Cells combine to make tissues
Tissues
Groups of similar cells carrying out the same function
Organ & Organ Systems
Organ : a structure formed of tissues and performs a specific function
Organ system : a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organisms, Populations & Communities
Organism : an individual
Population : all individuals within a species living
within a specific area
Community : a set of populations inhabiting a particular area
Ecosystem
Consist of all living and non-living things within a particular environment
Biosphere
A collection of all ecosystems on Earth
