Ch 2.3 : Biological Molecules

Question 1

Biological Macromolecules (C. L. P. NA)

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 2

Carbohydrates
- Provide C, W & E

• Mono
• Di
• Poly

Answer 2

They provide a source of CO2 , water, and energy

Types : Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
- Mono- = a simple sugar
- Di- = a bond of two simple sugars (monosaccharide bond)
- Poly- = many simples sugars (multiple monosaccharides)

Question 3

Lipids

• NPM
• U for ES
• U form SH

Answer 3

Are non-polar molecules which means that they are hydrophobic
- Hydrophobic means that they repel water

Used for energy storage
Used to form some hormones

Question 4

Saturated Lipids

• SwHM
  -SB –> CM

Answer 4

Are saturated with hydrogen molecules and contain only single bonds between carbon molecules

Question 5

Unsaturated Lipids

• DB within CB w K
• K –> C & RL
• L –> oils

Answer 5

Unsaturated lipids contain a double bond within their carbon backbone, oftentimes with a “kink”
- The kink helps keep these lipids from clumping and remain liquid
- Most unsaturated lipids are liquid and called oils

Question 6

Proteins

OM —> AA

• PS, RBP, TM, BF, HI, PE

Answer 6

Organic molecules made from amino acids that have a variety of functions:

Function :
- Provides structure
- Regulates body processes
- Transports materials
- Balances fluids
- Helps with immunity
- Provides energy

Question 7

Enzymes
- SP –> BDM

Answer 7

Enzymes are special proteins that help to break down molecules
- Ex: during digestion

Question 8

Hormones

• CM –> send S A B

Answer 8

Hormones act as chemical messengers sending signals across the body

Question 9

Nucleic Acids

• C –> N
• Genetic blueprints

Answer 9

It is composed of nucleotides
They are the genetic “blueprints” for all living organisms

Question 10

Glucose
- Type of __
- Glycogen

Answer 10

• Type of carbohydrate
• It can be stored in the body as glycogen when there are excess amounts and can be used when needed