Ch 31 Reproductive Tract Flashcards
What meds are used to treat erectile dysfunction
Phosphodiesterase type 5 ( PDE5)inhibitors
Name Estrogen drugs
Conjugated equine estrogens ( Premarin)
Estradiol ( estrace, vagifem), estradiol hemihydrate ( estrasorb)
What is the pharmacological action of estrogens
They are hormones needed for growth and maturation of the female reproductive tract and secondary sex characteristics.
Estrogens block bone reabsorption and reduce low density lipoprotein LDL levels.
At high levels estrogens suppress the release of a follicle stimulating hormone needed for conception
What are therapeutic uses for estrogens
Contraception
Relief of moderate to severe postmenopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood changes
Prevention of post menopausal osteoporosis
Treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Treatment of prostate cancer, symptoms of vulvar atrophy
What is the route of administration for estrogen
PO, transdermal, intravaginal, IM, IV
IV and IM use is rare
What are adverse effects of estrogen
1.Endometrial and ovarian cancers when prolonged estrogen is the only post, menopausal therapy. ( administer progestins along with estrogen
Instruct to report persistent vaginal bleeding if they have a intact uterus, advise to have an endometrial biopsy q2 yrs and yearly pelvic exam.
2. Risk for estrogen dependent breast cancer
3.embolic events such as MI, PE, DVT, stroke ( woman over 60 have increased risk of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease (CHD)( avoid all nicotine products
Estrogens is what category drug
X
Contraindicated in abnormal undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, breast or estrogen dependent cancer, history or risk of thromboembolic disease
Use cautiously in prepubescent girls, monitor bone growth and check periodically for early epiphyseal plate closure
What are med interactions of estrogens
Estrogens can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin ( monitor INR & PT)
phenytoin use can decrease the effectiveness of estrogens
Corticocosteroids may increase the effects of estrogen
Smoking increases the risk for thrombophlebitis
When should estrogens be taken
At the same time each day preferably at bedtime
What is the prototype progesterone and other drugs
Medroxyprogesterone (provera)
Norethindrone ( micronor)
Meg estriol acetate ( megace)
What is the pharmalogical action of progesterone
It induces favorable conditions for fetal growth and development and maintain pregnancy
A drop in progesterone levels leads to menstruation
Therapeutic uses for progesterones
Use progesterones alone or with estrogens for contraception
Progesterones counter adverse effects of estrogen
Can also use in woman who are undergoing in vitro fertilization and in some clients to prevent premature birth
What are routes of progesterone
PO, IM, SC, transdermal, and intravaginal
What are adverse effects of progesterone
Breast cancer
Thrombolytic events ( MI, PE,thrombophlebitis, stroke,)
Bleeding, amenorrhea, and breast tenderness
Edema
Jaundice
Migraine headaches
What are contraindications and precautions of progesterones
x
Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
History of thromboembolic disease, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease
History of breast or genital cancers
Smoking increases risk for thrombophlebitis
Use cautiously in diabetes mellitus,,seizure disorders, and migraine headaches
