ATI CH 5-6

Question 1

What is extrapyramidal symptoms?

Answer 1

Abnormal body movements assoc with meds affecting the CNS, such as those used to treat mental health disorders
.

Question 2

What are anticholinergic adverse effects?

Answer 2

They are effects that result in muscarinic receptor blockades. Most effects are seen in the eyes, smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and the heart.
Teach pt. dry mouth can be relieved by drinking, photophobia can b managed by wearing sunglasses, urine retention can be relieved by urinating before taking med.

Question 3

What do adverse effects of the cardiovascular system affect

.

Answer 3

It involves the blood vessels and the heart.

Question 4

What may adverse reactions of the GI system result from?

Answer 4

It may result from local irritation of the GI tract.

Stimulation of the vomiting center Also results in adverse effects.

Question 5

What class of meds may affect the GI system?

Answer 5

NDAIDS may cause GI upset. Advise clients to take these medications with food.

Question 6

What would a liver function test be needed for?

Answer 6

When clients start a med known to be hepatotoxic.

Question 7

What are some manifestations of hepatoxicity?

Answer 7

Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and anorexia

Question 8

What do aminoglycosides injure?

Answer 8

Aminoglycosides injure cells in the renal tubules of the kidney.

Question 9

What med may be used to minimize liver failure?

Answer 9

Acetylcsteine
an antidote for the management of potentially hepatotoxic overdose of acetaminophen administer within 8-10 hrs IV or 24 hrs. Orally.

Question 10

What is the trade name of diphenhydramine

Answer 10

Benadryl

Question 11

What is an anaphylactic reaction

Answer 11

It is a life threatening immediate allergic reaction that causes respiratory distress, severe bronchospasm, and cardiovascular disease.

Question 12

What is treatment of an anaphylactic reaction?

Answer 12

Treat with epinephrine, bronchodilators, and antihistamines.
Provide respiratory support
Inform provider

Question 13

Name a immunosuppressant medication?

Answer 13

Glucocorticoid

Monitor for delayed wound healing, and subtle manifestations of infection such as a sore throat.

Question 14

What meds can be given together to increase their affects?

Answer 14

albuterol (Proventil) a beta 2- adrenergic agonist inhaler, 5 min prior to using triamcinolone (Azmacort), a glucocorticoid inhaler, to increase the absorption of triamcinolone acetonide.

Question 15

What does phenytoin ( Dilantin) increase?

Answer 15

Phenytoin increases hepatic medication-metabolizing enzymes that affect warfarin and thereby decrease the serum level & the effect of warfarin.

Question 16

ondansetron hydrochloride

Answer 16

Zofran

An antiemetic, may be administered to counteract the side effects of nausea and vomiting for clients receiving Chemo.

Question 17

What does fluconazole inhibit?

Answer 17

Diflucan inhibits hepatic medication metabolizing enzymes that affect aripiprazole ( Ambilify) and thereby increase serum levels of this med.

Question 18

What will eating foods with tyramine do?

Answer 18

Consuming foods with tyramine while taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOI’s) can lead to HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS.
avoid foods such as cheese and processed meats .

Question 19

What effect can VIT K decrease?

Answer 19

VIT K can decrease the therapeutic effects of warfarin and place clients at risk for developing blood clots.
Clients taking Coumadin should include a consistent amt of VIT K in their diet

Question 20

The med tetracycline can interact with what foods?

Answer 20

Tetracycline can interact with a cheating agent, such as milk, and form an insoluble, unabsorable compound.
Instruct clients not to take tetracycline within 2 hrs of consuming dairy products.

Question 21

What effect does grapefruit juice seem to have on medications?

Answer 21

Grapefruit juice seems to act by inhibiting medications metabolism in the small bowel, thus increasing the amt of meds available for absorption of certain oral medications.
This increases either the therapeutic effects or the adverse reactions.

Question 22

What effect does morphine ( Duramorph) have?

Answer 22

It depresses the respiratory function so it should be used with caution for clients who have asthma or impaired respiratory function.

Question 23

Category A drugs

Answer 23

No evidence of risk to fetus during pregnancy based on adequate and well controlled studies.

Question 24

Category B drugs

Answer 24

There is no evidence of risk to animal fetuses based on studies, but there is no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant woman.

Question 25

Category C drugs

Answer 25

Adverse effects have been demonstrated on animal fetuses. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant woman.

Question 26

Category D DRUGS

Answer 26

Adverse effects have been demonstrated on human fetuses based on data from investigational or marketing experience , but the use of medication during pregnancy may be warranted based on the potential benefits.

Question 27

Category X drugs

Answer 27

Adverse effects have been demonstrated in animal and human fetuses based on studies and data from investigational or marketing experience.
The use of this med is contraindicated during pregnancy because the risks outweigh the potential benefits.

Question 28

Glucocorticoids should not be taken by a client who has what?

Answer 28

Should not be taken by a client who has a possible systemic fungal infection.
Therefore the nurse should recognize the contraindication and notify the provider.

Question 29

What pregnancy category is warfarin?

Answer 29

Category X

Question 30

Taking Advil and Percolone together will do what?

Answer 30

It will increase the expected therapeutic effects of both meds.

Question 31

Neonate

Answer 31

Younger than 1yr.

Question 32

Infant

Answer 32

1 month to 1year old.

Question 33

Why are certain medication doses based on age?

Answer 33

They are based on age due to a greater risk for decreased skeletal bone growth, acute cardiopulmonary failure, or hepatic toxicity

Question 34

Neonates and infants have immature what?

Answer 34

Immature liver and kidney function, alkaline gastric juices and a immature blood brain barrier.

Question 35

What may patients be at risk of if CNS STIMULATION is expected?

Answer 35

Clients may be at risk for seizures and precautions must be taken.