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NCE > Ch. 3 - Human Growth and Development > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Human Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is Freud’s structural model of the psyche?

A

Id: aggression, subconscious, body;
Ego: logical, rational, reason
Superego: moralistic, idealistic

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2
Q

Robert Perry

A

Dualistic thinking; cognitive development of adults

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3
Q

Robert Kegan

A
  • Interpersonal development; adult cognitive development
  • Constructive model of development
  • Individual construct reality through life-span
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4
Q

Jean Piaget - stages

A
  • Sensorimotor (0-2)
  • Preoperations (2-7)
  • Concrete operations (7-11)
  • Formal operations (12+)
  • observed his own children
  • worked with Alfred Binet
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5
Q

Properties of Matter - Conservation of Mass

A

A substance’s weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if shape changes

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6
Q

Vygotsky

A
  • disagreed with Piaget’s notion that developmental stages take place naturally
  • believed stages unfold due to educational intervention
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7
Q

Kohlberg

A
  • Moral development leading theorist
  • used stories to determine level of moreal development in children
  • expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development
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8
Q

Egocentrism

A

(Piaget) - when child cannot view world from point of someone else

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9
Q

Kolhber’gs Moral Development Stages/Levels

A

3 levels
Preconvential, conventional, postconventional

6 stages
obedience and punishment, instrumental purpose, good boy nice girl, law and order, social contract, universal ethical principle

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10
Q

Who used term ‘identity crisis?’

A

Erikson

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11
Q

RS =

A

Religious and Spiritual

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12
Q

Founder of individual psychology

A

Adler

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13
Q

Erikson’s 8 stages of ego identity formation

A
  1. Trust vs Mistrust (0-18mos)
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18mos to 3yrs)
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5)
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11)
  5. Identity vs. Confusion (12-18)
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40)
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65)
  8. Integrity vs. Despair (65-death)
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14
Q

Harry Stack Sullivan Stages

A

Infancy
Childhood
Juvenile
Preadolescence
Early Adolescence
Late Adolescence

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15
Q

Sullivan - Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relationships Theory

A

Interpersonal issues > biological issues

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16
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

(Zygotsky) Difference btween child’s performance w/o teacher vs w/ teacher

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17
Q

DBT Created by

A

Marsha Linehan. Focused on Suicide/self-harm and AODA.

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18
Q

John Bolby

A
  • Bonding and Attachment
  • Adaptive significance, survival value
  • Child must bond w/ adult before age 3; if severed, object loss
  • Mothers should be primary caretakers
  • Object loss = protest to despair to detachment
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19
Q

Margaret Mahler

A

Separation-individual theory of child development.
- Symbiosis - child/mom

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20
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Maternal depreivation/isolation in rheus monkeys
- monkeys preferred the cloth over wire even when wire fed them

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21
Q

Gesell

A
  • 1-way mirror for observing children
  • maturationist
    development primarily determined by genetics
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22
Q

Freud Psychosexual stages

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

23
Q

Freud - Attachment is a major factor during which stage?

A

Oral stage

24
Q

What does latent mean?

A

Hidden meaning of dreams

25
Q

Cephalocandal

A

Head to foot

26
Q

Heritability

A

Portion of a trait that can be explained via genetic factors

27
Q

Piaget’s formal operational stage

A
  • abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction
28
Q

Eleanor Gibson

A
  • Used the visual cliff for measuring depth perception in children (can by 6mos)
29
Q

Empiricism

A
  • Development comes from quantitative changes only)
  • precedes behaviorism
  • An empiricist is a view of development that is behavioristic
30
Q

Organismic

A

Gestalt therapists (Kurt Goldstein)

31
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Schema of Permanency and Constancy of Objects

32
Q

Fixation (psychoanalytic)

A
  • Unable to go from one developmental stage to the next
  • Gets stuck in a stage that feels safe
  • Emotional development comes to a halt
33
Q

Instinctual

A

Species-speific innate behaviors that do not need to be practiced or learned

34
Q

Konrad Lorenz - Ethology and Comparative Psychology

A

Ethology - study of animals’ behavior in natural environment

Comparative Psychology - lab research using animals and attempts to generalize findings to humans

35
Q

Robert Havinghurst - tasks of developmentdevelopmental tasks

A
  • Infancy and Early childhood (0-6)
  • middle childhood (6-12)
  • adolescence (12-18)
  • early adulthood (19-30)
  • middle-age (30-60)
  • later maturity (60+)
36
Q

Jung - Archetypes

A

Unconscious Factors

37
Q

Jung - Anima/Animus

A

Female/male
characteristics of personality

38
Q

Wish fulfillment

A

Dreams and slips of the tongue are actually wish fulfillments

39
Q

Freud thought morality developed from the…

A

superego

40
Q

Eric Berne

A
  • transactional analysis
  • parent ego: State w/ shoulds/musts - guides morality
41
Q

Lorenz - Aggression

A
  • is an inborn tendency
42
Q

Frank Parson’s

A
  • father of guidance - help centers to search for work
43
Q

Who is known for imprinting

A

Lorenz

44
Q

Maslow

A

Interviewed people who escaped the “pscyhology of the average”

45
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization

46
Q

Piaget is a…

A

Structuralist who believes stage changes are qualitative

47
Q

Equilibration

A
  • Piaget’s balance between what one takes in (assimilation) and that which is changed (accommodation)
48
Q

Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)

A

Elicited by sign stimuli = ritualistic behaviorss

49
Q

Robert Kegan - Holding Environment

A
  • client can make meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction
50
Q

Libidinal means…

A

Related to libido which is the sexual impulse or desire

51
Q

Primal scene

A
  • psychoanalytic term
  • suggests that a young child witnesses his parents having sexual intercourse or is seduced by a parent
  • said to provoke neroses later in life
52
Q

Preconscious psychic processes aka “foreconscious”

A
  • material is not conscious but can be recalled w/o use of special psychoanalytic
53
Q

BASIC-ID

A
  • acronym posited by Arnold Lazarus
  • feels his approach to counseling is multimodal, relying on a variety of therapeutic techniques
  • Behavor, Affective responses, Sensations, Imagery, Cognitions, Interpersonal relationships, Drugs
54
Q
A

NCE (9 decks)

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