Ch. 3 - Human Growth and Development

Question 1

What is Freud’s structural model of the psyche?

Answer 1

Id: aggression, subconscious, body;
Ego: logical, rational, reason
Superego: moralistic, idealistic

Question 2

Robert Perry

Answer 2

Dualistic thinking; cognitive development of adults

Question 3

Robert Kegan

Answer 3

• Interpersonal development; adult cognitive development
• Constructive model of development
• Individual construct reality through life-span

Question 4

Jean Piaget - stages

Answer 4

• Sensorimotor (0-2)
• Preoperations (2-7)
• Concrete operations (7-11)
• Formal operations (12+)
• observed his own children
• worked with Alfred Binet

Question 5

Properties of Matter - Conservation of Mass

Answer 5

A substance’s weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if shape changes

Question 6

Vygotsky

Answer 6

• disagreed with Piaget’s notion that developmental stages take place naturally
• believed stages unfold due to educational intervention

Question 7

Kohlberg

Answer 7

• Moral development leading theorist
• used stories to determine level of moreal development in children
• expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development

Question 8

Egocentrism

Answer 8

(Piaget) - when child cannot view world from point of someone else

Question 9

Kolhber’gs Moral Development Stages/Levels

Answer 9

3 levels
Preconvential, conventional, postconventional

6 stages
obedience and punishment, instrumental purpose, good boy nice girl, law and order, social contract, universal ethical principle

Question 10

Who used term ‘identity crisis?’

Answer 10

Erikson

Question 11

RS =

Answer 11

Religious and Spiritual

Question 12

Founder of individual psychology

Answer 12

Adler

Question 13

Erikson’s 8 stages of ego identity formation

Answer 13

1. Trust vs Mistrust (0-18mos)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18mos to 3yrs)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11)
5. Identity vs. Confusion (12-18)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (65-death)

Question 14

Harry Stack Sullivan Stages

Answer 14

Infancy
Childhood
Juvenile
Preadolescence
Early Adolescence
Late Adolescence

Question 15

Sullivan - Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relationships Theory

Answer 15

Interpersonal issues > biological issues

Question 16

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 16

(Zygotsky) Difference btween child’s performance w/o teacher vs w/ teacher

Question 17

DBT Created by

Answer 17

Marsha Linehan. Focused on Suicide/self-harm and AODA.

Question 18

John Bolby

Answer 18

• Bonding and Attachment
• Adaptive significance, survival value
• Child must bond w/ adult before age 3; if severed, object loss
• Mothers should be primary caretakers
• Object loss = protest to despair to detachment

Question 19

Margaret Mahler

Answer 19

Separation-individual theory of child development.
- Symbiosis - child/mom

Question 20

Harry Harlow

Answer 20

Maternal depreivation/isolation in rheus monkeys
- monkeys preferred the cloth over wire even when wire fed them

Question 21

Gesell

Answer 21

• 1-way mirror for observing children
• maturationist
  development primarily determined by genetics

Question 22

Freud Psychosexual stages

Answer 22

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Question 23

Freud - Attachment is a major factor during which stage?

Answer 23

Oral stage

Question 24

What does latent mean?

Answer 24

Hidden meaning of dreams

Question 25

Cephalocandal

Answer 25

Head to foot

Question 26

Heritability

Answer 26

Portion of a trait that can be explained via genetic factors

Question 27

Piaget's formal operational stage

Answer 27

- abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction

Question 28

Eleanor Gibson

Answer 28

- Used the visual cliff for measuring depth perception in children (can by 6mos)

Question 29

Empiricism

Answer 29

- Development comes from quantitative changes only) - precedes behaviorism - An empiricist is a view of development that is behavioristic

Question 30

Organismic

Answer 30

Gestalt therapists (Kurt Goldstein)

Question 31

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 31

Schema of Permanency and Constancy of Objects

Question 32

Fixation (psychoanalytic)

Answer 32

- Unable to go from one developmental stage to the next - Gets stuck in a stage that feels safe - Emotional development comes to a halt

Question 33

Instinctual

Answer 33

Species-speific innate behaviors that do not need to be practiced or learned

Question 34

Konrad Lorenz - Ethology and Comparative Psychology

Answer 34

Ethology - study of animals' behavior in natural environment Comparative Psychology - lab research using animals and attempts to generalize findings to humans

Question 35

Robert Havinghurst - tasks of developmentdevelopmental tasks

Answer 35

- Infancy and Early childhood (0-6) - middle childhood (6-12) - adolescence (12-18) - early adulthood (19-30) - middle-age (30-60) - later maturity (60+)

Question 36

Jung - Archetypes

Answer 36

Unconscious Factors

Question 37

Jung - Anima/Animus

Answer 37

Female/male characteristics of personality

Question 38

Wish fulfillment

Answer 38

Dreams and slips of the tongue are actually wish fulfillments

Question 39

Freud thought morality developed from the...

Answer 39

superego

Question 40

Eric Berne

Answer 40

- transactional analysis - parent ego: State w/ shoulds/musts - guides morality

Question 41

Lorenz - Aggression

Answer 41

- is an inborn tendency

Question 42

Frank Parson's

Answer 42

- father of guidance - help centers to search for work

Question 43

Who is known for imprinting

Answer 43

Lorenz

Question 44

Maslow

Answer 44

Interviewed people who escaped the "pscyhology of the average"

Question 45

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer 45

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization

Question 46

Piaget is a...

Answer 46

Structuralist who believes stage changes are qualitative

Question 47

Equilibration

Answer 47

- Piaget's balance between what one takes in (assimilation) and that which is changed (accommodation)

Question 48

Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)

Answer 48

Elicited by sign stimuli = ritualistic behaviorss

Question 49

Robert Kegan - Holding Environment

Answer 49

- client can make meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction

Question 50

Libidinal means...

Answer 50

Related to libido which is the sexual impulse or desire

Question 51

Primal scene

Answer 51

- psychoanalytic term - suggests that a young child witnesses his parents having sexual intercourse or is seduced by a parent - said to provoke neroses later in life

Question 52

Preconscious psychic processes aka "foreconscious"

Answer 52

- material is not conscious but can be recalled w/o use of special psychoanalytic

Question 53

BASIC-ID

Answer 53

- acronym posited by Arnold Lazarus - feels his approach to counseling is multimodal, relying on a variety of therapeutic techniques - Behavor, Affective responses, Sensations, Imagery, Cognitions, Interpersonal relationships, Drugs