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Anatomy > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural

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2
Q

Epithelial

A

covers body surfaces, polarity, no vascularity, regeneration
Functions: protection, permeability, sensation, secretion
no matrix

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3
Q

Basal side

A

grows off basal lamina, bottom, base

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4
Q

Apical side

A

top, apex, faces outside world

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5
Q

Lateral side

A

cell junctions, next to each other, lateral/side

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6
Q

Simple

A

single layer

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7
Q

Psuedostratified

A

simple that appears stratified

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8
Q

Stratified

A

two or more layers

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9
Q

Squamous

A

flat cells

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10
Q

Cuboidal

A

cube or hexagon shapes

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11
Q

Columnar

A

tall and cylindrical

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12
Q

Transitional

A

shape changes

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13
Q

Simple Squamous

A

diffusion (blood vessels, lungs)

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14
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

absorption, secretion (glands, ducts)

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15
Q

Simple Columnar

A

protection, absorb, secretion (stomach, intestine, gallbladder)

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16
Q

Psuedostratified Columnar

A

protection, secretion (respiratory tract)

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17
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

protection against abrasion (skin, mouth, anus)

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18
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

secretion (sweat glands)

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19
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

protection, secretion (pharynx)

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20
Q

Transitional

A

expansion and recoil w/o tearing (bladder, renal pelvis)

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21
Q

Glandular

A

Epi cells form a gland

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22
Q

Exocrine gland

A

secrete products into ducts that open onto a surface

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23
Q

Endocrine gland

A

secrete products into tissue fluid of blood

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24
Q

Unicellular

A

single cell, goblet cell

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25
Q

Secretory sheets

A

one large sheet covering a surface, multicellular

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26
Q

Multicellular simple glands

A

have one distinct duct with outpocketing

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27
Q

Duct

A

tube that connects to a surface that doesn’t produce secretions

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28
Q

Multicellular compound glands

A

many distinct ducts with outpocketing

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29
Q

Exocrine glands- merocrine glands

A

secrete via cytosis (vesicles w/o cytoplasm bring product to the surface) (salivary glands)

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30
Q

Exo- Apocrine glands

A

pinching off of cell portion (accumulated at apex breaks down into products) (mammary glands)

31
Q

Exo- Holocrine glands

A

product accumulates in cytosol (cell ruptures and becomes the product) (sebaceous glands)

32
Q

Connective Tissue

A

does not occur on free surface, good nerve and blood supply, all derived from mesenchymal cells( stem cells that differentiate into the multitude of cell types in all connective tissue), made of extracellular matrix, protein fibers, ground substance

33
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

bind structures, support and protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood, repair damage, protect against infection, transport fluids and dissolved materials

34
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

with cells and fibers in a gel like ground substance

loose and dense CT are under this

35
Q

Loose CT

A

more gel

36
Q

Dense CT

A

more fibers

37
Q

CTP flow

A

CTP

        - loose                                       -dense - areaolar, adipose,reticular      -regular, irregular, elastic
38
Q

Major cell types of CTP

A

Fixed cells and wandering cells

39
Q

Fixed cells

A

Mesenchymal, fibroblasts, fixed macrophages, adipocytes, melanocytes

40
Q

Fibroblasts

A

produces protein fibers

41
Q

Fixed macrophages

A

white blood cells consume damaged cells and invaders(stay put)

42
Q

Adipocytes

A

fat cells

43
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce melanin

44
Q

Wandering cells

A

free macrophages, other white blood cells

45
Q

Free macrophages

A

like fixed but they move

46
Q

Major fiber types of CTP

A

Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers

47
Q

Collagen fibers

A

strong, pliable, found in bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

48
Q

Elastic fibers

A

rubbery, resiliant, found in lungs, blood vessels, skin

49
Q

Reticular fibers

A

thin, branches that form framework found in spleen and lymph nodes, basal lamina

50
Q

Areolar CT

A

loosely arranged fibers, mast cells, macrophages, fibrocytes, and adipocytes
holds skin to underlying organs, fills spaces
found in digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract, blood vessles, nerves and joints, and around and between skeletal and smooth muscles, hypodermis of skin

51
Q

Adipose CT

A

mostly adipocytes
cushions joints, insulation, store energy, support
found in hypodermis, between muscles, around kidney, behind eye, joints, abdominal membrane, surface of heart

52
Q

Reticular CT

A

fibroblasts, reticular fibers in 3D web
support tissue in walls of organs
found in lymphoid organs, liver and spleen

53
Q

Dense Regular CT

A

many collagen fibers densely packed, parallel, little open space
reinforces structures in one direction
found in tendons and ligaments

54
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

same as regular but no pattern
reinforces in several directions
found in dermis, joint capsules, capsules of organs (eye ball)

55
Q

Elastic CT

A

elastic fibers in parallel strands or branched networks, fibroblasts
found in between vertebrae, walls of hollow organs
provides elasticity

56
Q

Fluid CT

A

blood and lymph

57
Q

(Flu. CT) Blood

A

CT with a liquid matrix= the matrix
cell types= red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
provide clotting, immune functions, carry O2 and CO2

58
Q

(Flu. CT) Lymph

A

interstitial fluid being transported in lymphatic vessels

59
Q

Supporting CT

A

supports rest of the body, framework

found in cartilage or bone

60
Q

Membranes

A

made of epithelial and connective tissue
form barriers
cover and protect

61
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

lines passageways open to exterior
moistened by mucous
contains areolar tissue
found in respiratory passages, mouth, digestives tract

62
Q

Serous Membrane

A

simple squamous mesothelium, secretes watery fluid

found in lining of pleural cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, scrotal cavity and pericardial cavity

63
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

skin!

thick, waterproof, dry

64
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

in joint cavities
produces synovial fluid
lubricates joints
promotes smooth movement

65
Q

CT framework

A

superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia

66
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

areolar and adipose tissue layer

sits deep to cutaneous membrane(skin)

67
Q

Deep fascia

A

dense CT sheets
binds to tendons, ligaments, capsules and bones
deep to superficial fascia

68
Q

Subserous Fascia

A

areolar CT sheet
binds to serous membranes
deep to deep fascia

69
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

contractile, elastic, extensible, excitable

70
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

71
Q

Skeletal Tissue

A

long and thin
large cylindrical muscle fibers, multinucleated, striated, has satelite cells
voluntary control of skeleton, controls opening into digestive system, heat generation
found in skeletal muscles

72
Q

Cardiac Tissue

A

Found in the heart
unicellular branched cardiocytes, uninucleate, striated, involuntary
function: heart beat

73
Q

Smooth Tissue

A

short tapered cells, uninucleated, nonstriated, involuntary, can divide and regenerate
found in tracts, blood vessels and hollow organs
involuntary control of respiratory, digestive, and circulatory system

74
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Cell types:

Neurons and Neuroglia

Anatomy (6 decks)

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