Ch 3 Flashcards
Types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural
Epithelial
covers body surfaces, polarity, no vascularity, regeneration
Functions: protection, permeability, sensation, secretion
no matrix
Basal side
grows off basal lamina, bottom, base
Apical side
top, apex, faces outside world
Lateral side
cell junctions, next to each other, lateral/side
Simple
single layer
Psuedostratified
simple that appears stratified
Stratified
two or more layers
Squamous
flat cells
Cuboidal
cube or hexagon shapes
Columnar
tall and cylindrical
Transitional
shape changes
Simple Squamous
diffusion (blood vessels, lungs)
Simple Cuboidal
absorption, secretion (glands, ducts)
Simple Columnar
protection, absorb, secretion (stomach, intestine, gallbladder)
Psuedostratified Columnar
protection, secretion (respiratory tract)
Stratified Squamous
protection against abrasion (skin, mouth, anus)
Stratified Cuboidal
secretion (sweat glands)
Stratified Columnar
protection, secretion (pharynx)
Transitional
expansion and recoil w/o tearing (bladder, renal pelvis)
Glandular
Epi cells form a gland
Exocrine gland
secrete products into ducts that open onto a surface
Endocrine gland
secrete products into tissue fluid of blood
Unicellular
single cell, goblet cell
Secretory sheets
one large sheet covering a surface, multicellular
Multicellular simple glands
have one distinct duct with outpocketing
Duct
tube that connects to a surface that doesn’t produce secretions
Multicellular compound glands
many distinct ducts with outpocketing
Exocrine glands- merocrine glands
secrete via cytosis (vesicles w/o cytoplasm bring product to the surface) (salivary glands)
Exo- Apocrine glands
pinching off of cell portion (accumulated at apex breaks down into products) (mammary glands)
Exo- Holocrine glands
product accumulates in cytosol (cell ruptures and becomes the product) (sebaceous glands)
Connective Tissue
does not occur on free surface, good nerve and blood supply, all derived from mesenchymal cells( stem cells that differentiate into the multitude of cell types in all connective tissue), made of extracellular matrix, protein fibers, ground substance
Functions of connective tissue
bind structures, support and protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood, repair damage, protect against infection, transport fluids and dissolved materials
Connective Tissue Proper
with cells and fibers in a gel like ground substance
loose and dense CT are under this
Loose CT
more gel
Dense CT
more fibers
CTP flow
CTP
- loose -dense - areaolar, adipose,reticular -regular, irregular, elastic
Major cell types of CTP
Fixed cells and wandering cells
Fixed cells
Mesenchymal, fibroblasts, fixed macrophages, adipocytes, melanocytes
Fibroblasts
produces protein fibers
Fixed macrophages
white blood cells consume damaged cells and invaders(stay put)
Adipocytes
fat cells
Melanocytes
produce melanin
Wandering cells
free macrophages, other white blood cells
Free macrophages
like fixed but they move
Major fiber types of CTP
Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers
Collagen fibers
strong, pliable, found in bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
Elastic fibers
rubbery, resiliant, found in lungs, blood vessels, skin
Reticular fibers
thin, branches that form framework found in spleen and lymph nodes, basal lamina
Areolar CT
loosely arranged fibers, mast cells, macrophages, fibrocytes, and adipocytes
holds skin to underlying organs, fills spaces
found in digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract, blood vessles, nerves and joints, and around and between skeletal and smooth muscles, hypodermis of skin
Adipose CT
mostly adipocytes
cushions joints, insulation, store energy, support
found in hypodermis, between muscles, around kidney, behind eye, joints, abdominal membrane, surface of heart
Reticular CT
fibroblasts, reticular fibers in 3D web
support tissue in walls of organs
found in lymphoid organs, liver and spleen
Dense Regular CT
many collagen fibers densely packed, parallel, little open space
reinforces structures in one direction
found in tendons and ligaments
Dense Irregular CT
same as regular but no pattern
reinforces in several directions
found in dermis, joint capsules, capsules of organs (eye ball)
Elastic CT
elastic fibers in parallel strands or branched networks, fibroblasts
found in between vertebrae, walls of hollow organs
provides elasticity
Fluid CT
blood and lymph
(Flu. CT) Blood
CT with a liquid matrix= the matrix
cell types= red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
provide clotting, immune functions, carry O2 and CO2
(Flu. CT) Lymph
interstitial fluid being transported in lymphatic vessels
Supporting CT
supports rest of the body, framework
found in cartilage or bone
Membranes
made of epithelial and connective tissue
form barriers
cover and protect
Mucous Membranes
lines passageways open to exterior
moistened by mucous
contains areolar tissue
found in respiratory passages, mouth, digestives tract
Serous Membrane
simple squamous mesothelium, secretes watery fluid
found in lining of pleural cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, scrotal cavity and pericardial cavity
Cutaneous Membrane
skin!
thick, waterproof, dry
Synovial Membrane
in joint cavities
produces synovial fluid
lubricates joints
promotes smooth movement
CT framework
superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia
Superficial Fascia
areolar and adipose tissue layer
sits deep to cutaneous membrane(skin)
Deep fascia
dense CT sheets
binds to tendons, ligaments, capsules and bones
deep to superficial fascia
Subserous Fascia
areolar CT sheet
binds to serous membranes
deep to deep fascia
Muscle Tissue
contractile, elastic, extensible, excitable
Types of Muscle Tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal Tissue
long and thin
large cylindrical muscle fibers, multinucleated, striated, has satelite cells
voluntary control of skeleton, controls opening into digestive system, heat generation
found in skeletal muscles
Cardiac Tissue
Found in the heart
unicellular branched cardiocytes, uninucleate, striated, involuntary
function: heart beat
Smooth Tissue
short tapered cells, uninucleated, nonstriated, involuntary, can divide and regenerate
found in tracts, blood vessels and hollow organs
involuntary control of respiratory, digestive, and circulatory system
Nervous Tissue
Cell types:
Neurons and Neuroglia
