CH 10 and 11 (muscle origins, insertions, actions, and innervations) Flashcards
Buccinator
O: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible opposite the molar teeth
I: blends into fibers of orbicularis oris
A: compresses cheeks
N: Facial nerve
Mentalis
O: incisive fossa of mandible
I: skin of chin
A: elevates, everts, and protrudes lower lip
Orbicularis Oris
O: maxilla and mandible
I: lips
A: compresses, purses lips
Risorius
O: fascia surrounding parotid salivary gland
I: angle of mouth
A: draws corner of mouth laterally
Zygomaticus major
O: zygomatic bone near the zygomaticotemporal suture
I: fibers of levator anguli oris, orbicularis oris, and other muscles at angle of mouth
A: elevates corner of mouth and draws it laterally
Orbicularis oculi
O: medial margin of orbit
I: skin around eyelids
A: closes eye
N: facial nerve
Occipitofrontalis ( frontal belly)
O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
A: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)
O: superior nuchal line and adjacent region of mastoid portion of the temporal bone
I: epicranial aponeurosis
A: tenses and retracts scalp
Temporoparietalis
O: fascia around external ear
I: epicranial aponeurosis
A: tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear
Masseter
O: aponeurosis and bones of the zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface and angle of mandibular ramus
A: elevates mandible closes jaws; assists in protracting and retracting mandible and moving it side to side
N: trigeminal nerve, mandibular branch
Temporalis
O: along temporal lines of the skull
I: coronoid process of mandible and the anterior border of the mandibular ramus
A: elevates mandible and closes jaws; assists in retracting and moving mandible from side to side
Diagastric anterior belly
O: from inferior surface of mandible at chin
I: hyoid bone
A: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and or elevates larynx
N: trigeminal nerve and mandibular branch
Geniohyoid
O: medial surface of mandible at chin
I: hyoid bone
A: depresses mandible, opening mouth, elevates larynx, and retracts hyoid bone
Mylohyoid
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median CT band that runs to hyoid bone
A: elevates floor of mouth, elevates hyoid bone, and or depresses mandible
Sternohyoid
O: clavicle and manubrium
I: hyoid bone
A: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
N: cercival spinal nerves
Sternothyroid
O: dorsal surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage
I: thyroid cartilage of larynx
A: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
Thyrohyoid
O: thyroid cartilage of larynx
I: hyoid bone
A: elevates larynx, depresses hyoid bone
Sternocleidomastoid
Clavicular head:
O: attaches to sternal end of clavicle
Sternal head:
O: attaches to manubrium
I: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
A: together they flex the neck; alone one side bends the neck toward shoulder and turns face to opposite side
N: accessory nerve and cervical spinal nerves of cervical plexus
External intercostals
O: inferior border of each rib
I: superior border of more inferior rib
A: elevate ribs
N: intercostal nerves
Internal intercostals
O: superior border of each rib
I: inferior border of the more superior rib
A: depress ribs
Serratus posterior ( inferior)
O: aponeurosis from spinous processes of T11-L2 or L3
I: inferior border of ribs 9-12
A: pulls ribs inferiorly; also pulls outward, opposing diaphragm
External oblique
O: exterior and inferior borders of ribs 5-12
I: external oblique aponeurosis extending to linea alba and iliac cest
A: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to the opposite side
Internal oblique
O: thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, and iliac crest
I: inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12 costal cartilages 8-10, linea alba, and pubis
A: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to the same side
Transversus abdominus
O: cartilages of ribs 7-12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fossa
I: linea alba and pubis
A: compresses abdomen
Coracobrachialis
O: corocoid process
I: medial margin of shaft of humerus
A: adduction and flexion at shoulder
Deltoid
O: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: whole muscle: abduction of shoulder; anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of humerus; posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of humerus
N: axillary nerve
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: abduction at shoulder
N: suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation at shoulder
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medial rotation at shoulder
Teres major
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: extension and medial rotation at shoulder
Teres minor
O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder
Latissimus dorsi
O: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar sacral vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia
I: floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
A: extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
Pectoralis major
O: cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle
I: crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
Biceps brachii
O: short head from the coracoid process; long head from the supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
I: radial tuberosity
A: flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination
N: musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
O: distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
A: flexion at elbow
Brachioradialis
O: ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
A: flexion at elbow
Anconeus
O: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral margin of olecranon and ulnar shaft
A: extension at elbow
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
O: superior, lateral margin of humerus
I: olecranon of unla
A: extension at elbow
N: radial nerve
Triceps brachii (long head)
O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: olecranon of unla
A: extension at elbow and extension and adduction at shoulder
N: radial nerve
Triceps brachii (medial head)
O: posterior surface of humerus;, inferior to radial groove
I: olecranon of unla
A: extension at elbow
N: radial nerve
Pronator teres
O: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I: middle of lateral surface of radius
A: pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of radius at radiounlar joints and flexion at elbow
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of unla
I: anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
A: supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: bases of second and third metacarpal bones
A: flexion and abduction at wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial portion of the ulna
I: pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal bone
A: flexion and adduction at wrist
N: ulnar nerve
Palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar epineurosis and flexor retinaculum
A: flexion at wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: base of second metacarpal bone
A: extension and abduction at wrist
N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of third metacarpal bone
A: extension and abduction at wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
I: base of fifth metacarpal bone
A: extension and adduction at wrist
Extensor digitorum
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: posterior surfaces of the phalanges, digits 2-5
A: extension at finger joints and wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna and adjacent anterior surfaces of ulna and radius
I: to bases of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints
N: medial nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: medial and posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surfaces of coronoid process, and interosseous membrane
I: bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion at distal interphalangeal joints, and, to a lesser degree, proximal interphalangeal joints and wrist
Flexor pollicis longus
O: anterior shaft of radius, interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flexion at joints of thumb
Gluteus maximus
O: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, and lateral surface of ilium; sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia
I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: extension and lateral rotation at hip; helps stabilize the extended knee; abduction at the hip (superior fibers only)
N: inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
O: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium b/w posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip
Gluteus minimus
O: lateral surface of ilium b/w inferior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip
Tensor fasciae latae
O: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip; extension and lateral rotation at knee; tenses fasciae latae, which laterally supports the knee
Piriformis
O: anterolateral surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: lateral rotation and abduction of hip; help to maintain stability and integrity of the hip
Quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of femur
A: lateral rotation of hip
Adductor longus
O: inferior ramus of pubis, anterior to adductor brevis
I: linea aspera of femur
A: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip
Adductor magnus
O: inferior ramus of pubis posterior to adductor brevis and ishial tuberosity
I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
A: whole muscle produces adduction at the hip; anterior part produces flexion and medial rotation; posterior part produces extension
Gracilis
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
A: flexion and medial rotation at knee; adduction and medial rotation at hip
N: obturator nerve
Biceps femoris
O: ishial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
I: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
A: flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip
Semimembranosus
O: ishial tuberosity
I: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
N: sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus
O: ishial tuberosity
I: proximal medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis
A: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
Sartorius
O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
A: flexion at knee; abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation at hip
N: femoral nerve
Popliteus
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
A: medial rotation of tibia (or lateral rotation of femur) at knee; flexion at knee
Rectus femorus
O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetular rim of ilium
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee; flexion at hip
N: femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius
O: anterolateral surface of femur and linea aspera (distal half)
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee
N: femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis
O: anterior and inferior to greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera (proximal half)
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee
Vastus medialis
O: entire length of linea aspera of femur
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee
Tibialis anterior
O: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia
I: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
A: dorsiflexion at ankle; inversion of foot
Gastrocnemius
O: femoral condyles
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion at ankle; flexion at knee
N: tibial nerve
Fibularis brevis
O: midlateral margin of fibular
I: base of fifth metatarsal bone
A: eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle
Fibularis longus
O: head and proximal shaft of fibula
I: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
A: eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle; supports ankle; supports longitudinal and transverse arches
Soleus
O: head and [roximal shaft of fibula, and adjacent posteromedial shaft of tibia
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius)
A: plantar flexion at ankle; postural muscle when standing
Tibialis posterior
O: interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula
I: navicular, all three cuneiforms, cuboid, second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones
A: inversion of foot; plantar flexion at ankle
