Ch 3 Flashcards
Infection
When a microorganism (microbe) invades the body, multiplies, and cause injury/disease
Types of Microbes
Bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, viruses
Pathogen
Microbe capable of causing disease
Communicable infection
Person to person spread
CDC investigates
Nosocomial & healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
Infections squired in hospitals/ healthcare settings
Caused by infected people, patients, visitors, food, drugs or equipment
Antibiotic-resistant infections
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Ex MRSA
Multidrug-resistant gram (-) bacteria
Ex Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Chain of infection
- Infectious (causative) agent-pathogenic microbe responsible for causing infection
- Reservoir- where microbe can survive and grow
- Exit pathway - way to leave host
- Means of transportation
- Entry pathway - way agent enters host
- Susceptible host-decreased ability to resist infection
Means of infection transportation
Airborne Contact -direct (touching/kissing) indirect (objects) Droplets (coughing/sneezing) Vector(mosquitos) Vehicle (food water drugs)
according to standard first air procedures, severe external bleeding is best controlled how?
applying direct pressure
class c fires
involve electrical equipment
vaccination against HBV involves
a dose of vaccine, a second dose 1 month later and a third dose 6 months later
an example of employee screening for infection control
PPD testing
NOT a code word in the NFPA order of action in the event of fire
smother
the purpose of “protective” isolation
to protect patients who are highly susceptible to infection
the OSHA HazCom Standard is also commonly called
right-to-know law
proper order for putting on protective clothing
gown first, then mask, then goggles, gloves last
Federal law requires that hepatitis B vaccination be made available to employees assigned to duties with occupational exposure list at what point in time?
within 10 working days of initial assignment
the FIRST thing that phlebotomist should do in the event of an accidental needle stick
wash the site with soap and water for at least 30 seconds
the main principles involved in radiation exposure are
exposure time, distance and shielding
an example of a nosocomial infection would be
when a catheter site of a patient in ICU becomes infected
an example of a potential permucosal exposure to biohazardous microorganisms
rubbing an eye with a contaminated hand
an instance in which a patient might be placed in protective isolation
the patient has tuberculosis
an example of a work practice control that reduces the risk of exposure to blood borne pathogens
hand washing
the type of contact infection transmission that involves transfer of an infective microbe to the mucous membranes of a susceptible individual by means of a cough or sneeze
droplet
the needlestick safety and prevention act directed OSHA to revise the BBP standard in 4 key areas; this is one
revision & updating of the exposure control plan
the needlestick safety and prevention act directed OSHA to revise the BBP standard in 4 key areas; this is one
solicitation of employee input in selecting engineering and work practice controls
the needlestick safety and prevention act directed OSHA to revise the BBP standard in 4 key areas; this is one
modification of definitions relating to engineering controls
the needlestick safety and prevention act directed OSHA to revise the BBP standard in 4 key areas; this is one
new record-keeping requirements, including the requirement to keep a sharps injury log
the needlestick safety and prevention act directed OSHA to revise the BBP standard in 4 key areas; this is NOT one
availability of vaccination against HBV for all employees
occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens can occur if what happens while the healthcare worker is performing his or her duties?
a human bite breaks the skin
occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens can occur if what happens while the healthcare worker is performing his or her duties?
blood comes in contact with a cut
occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens can occur if what happens while the healthcare worker is performing his or her duties?
body fluids splash into the mouth
what type of PPE must be removed after leaving the patient’s room and closing the door?
respirator
to comply with the lates HazCom revision, the label of a hazardous chemical must include what?
GHS hazard statement
to comply with the lates HazCom revision, the label of a hazardous chemical must include what?
Hazard Class Pictogram
to comply with the lates HazCom revision, the label of a hazardous chemical must include what?
severity signal word
CLSI guidelines state that scrubs or slacks worn in the lab should be how far off of the floor?
1 to 1.5 inches
a body fluid splash to the eyes requires the victim to immediately flush the eyes with water or sterile saline for how long?
10 minutes minimum
a N-95 respirator must be worn when entering the room of a patient who has which type of precaution sign on the door?
airborne
the abbreviation HAI, stands for
Healthcare Associated Infection
HAI is applied to infections acquired where?
All healthcare settings, including home care
The most common healthcare associated pathogen
Clostridium difficile (C.diff)
PPE stands for
personal protective equipment
the most important means of breaking the chain of infections
hand washing
the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act directed OSHA to revise the BBP standard in 4 key areas; this is one
new record-keeping requirements, including the requirement to keep a sharps injury log
