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physical science > ch. 28 > Flashcards

ch. 28 Flashcards

1
Q

28.1

A
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2
Q

troposphere

A

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earths surface and thisis where our wh

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3
Q

temperature inversion

A

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

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4
Q

greenhouse effect

A

is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

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5
Q

how are the atmosphere glares divided

A

composition and temperature

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6
Q

what is the majority of the troposphere made up of

A

nitrogen 78%

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7
Q

what is the second biggest gas that makes up the trposphere

A

oxygen 21%

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8
Q

what is the remaining 1% made up of

A

trace gases

majority argon

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9
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease

A

decrease

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10
Q

how many layers are in the Earths atmosphere

A

five

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11
Q

what are the names of the layers from closest to earth to farthest from earth

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer found in

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere

A

increases

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14
Q

what percentage ia absorbed by earths surface

A

50%

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15
Q

what percent of solar radiation gets reflected off of earths surface

A

5%

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere

A

20%

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17
Q

what percent is reflected back by clouds and other particles in the atmosphere

A

25%

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18
Q

what are the three basic cloud types

A

stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

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19
Q

explain what a stratus cloud looks like

A

their layered sheet like clouds

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20
Q

explain cumulus clouds

A

puffy in fair weather

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21
Q

explain cirrus clouds

A

wispy high altitude clouds

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22
Q

what is it called when water is brought from the land taken to the atmosphere and brought back to the land

A

water cycle

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23
Q

what are the stages of the water cycle

A

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, run-off, infiltration

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24
Q

28.2

A
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25
jet stream
a narrow band of fast-moving, high-altitude air
26
Coriolis effect
apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation
27
air mass
large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
28
weather fonts
air masses interact in zones
29
is there only one jet stream in the world?
no there are four
30
how many pressure systems are there
two low and high pressure
31
what is the low pressure system also known as
alow
32
which way does the air flow in a low pressure system
counterclockwise
33
what is a result of a low pressure system
causes air to rise which causes cloud formation and precipitation
34
what is a high pressure system also known as
High
35
which direction does a high pressure system flow
clockwise
36
what are some results of a high pressure system
air sinks, causes clear skies
37
the four weather fronts are...
- cold front - warm front - stationary front - occluded front
38
what happened through a cold front
forces warm air upward
39
what is a cold front represented by on the news
blue triangles moving upward
40
what would present a warm front on the news
red circles
41
what represents a stationary front on the news
alternating triangles and half circles
42
what can a occluded front cause
thunderstorms and strong wind
43
what represents
purple alternating triangles and half circles
44
28.3
45
maritime climate
a climate that is strongly affected by the ocean
46
continental climate
a climate that is not directly affected by the ocean
47
sea breeze
blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than water
48
what is climate
long term average of weather conditions
49
what is weather
day to day outside condition
50
what are the five sphere that make up earths system
``` atmosphere cryosphere lithosphere hydrosphere biosphere ```
51
what is the atmosphere
includes the air around us
52
what is biosphere
anything that is organic
53
what is hydrosphere
anything that includes water
54
what is cryosphere
anything with frozen water (snow, ice, glaciers, etc.)
55
what is lithosphere
earths outermost layer
56
what is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location
latitude
57
where is the greatest amount of solar radiation received on earth
at the eguater
58
at a tropical zone what degrees does the sun rays hit earth
90 degrees
59
at what degrees do sun rays hit earths surface at the temperature zone
45
60
at what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface at a polar zone
30
61
which zone would we fall in
temperature zone
62
what factors determine climate
precipitation water mountains
63
what are some specifics on the windward side of a mountain
air is cool and wet with lots of vegetation
64
what happens on the leeward side of a mountain
air is warm and dry with little vegetation
65
what climate zone and vegetation does | Lamar have
warm semi-arid and grassland
66
28.4
67
global warming
increase in the average temperatures of Earths near-surface air and oceans
68
El Nino
the warming of the Pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that occurs every 3 to 10 years
69
la nina
occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal
70
what are the earths climate undergoes
seasonal and long-term
71
how do seasonal changes occur
as earth revolves around the sun
72
which hemisphere is tilted toward the sun
summer
73
what was the period called when earths surface is covered with ice sheets
ice age
74
how long ago did earths climate reach its current patterns
3000 years ago
75
what are the changes related to earths orbit
tilt of earths axis, shape of the orbit, timing of the seasons
76
how do humans impact the climate
energy consumption, deforestation, industrial and agricultural practice
77
what is deforestation
clearing large areas of forest land
78
how does deforestation impact the climate
trees remove carbon dioxide
79
what are the two ways the carbon cycle is affected
deforestation and loss of vegetation

physical science (6 decks)

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