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physical science > ch. 28 > Flashcards

ch. 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

28.1

A
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2
Q

troposphere

A

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earths surface and thisis where our wh

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3
Q

temperature inversion

A

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

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4
Q

greenhouse effect

A

is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

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5
Q

how are the atmosphere glares divided

A

composition and temperature

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6
Q

what is the majority of the troposphere made up of

A

nitrogen 78%

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7
Q

what is the second biggest gas that makes up the trposphere

A

oxygen 21%

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8
Q

what is the remaining 1% made up of

A

trace gases

majority argon

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9
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease

A

decrease

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10
Q

how many layers are in the Earths atmosphere

A

five

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11
Q

what are the names of the layers from closest to earth to farthest from earth

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer found in

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere

A

increases

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14
Q

what percentage ia absorbed by earths surface

A

50%

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15
Q

what percent of solar radiation gets reflected off of earths surface

A

5%

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere

A

20%

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17
Q

what percent is reflected back by clouds and other particles in the atmosphere

A

25%

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18
Q

what are the three basic cloud types

A

stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

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19
Q

explain what a stratus cloud looks like

A

their layered sheet like clouds

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20
Q

explain cumulus clouds

A

puffy in fair weather

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21
Q

explain cirrus clouds

A

wispy high altitude clouds

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22
Q

what is it called when water is brought from the land taken to the atmosphere and brought back to the land

A

water cycle

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23
Q

what are the stages of the water cycle

A

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, run-off, infiltration

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24
Q

28.2

A
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25
Q

jet stream

A

a narrow band of fast-moving, high-altitude air

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26
Q

Coriolis effect

A

apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation

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27
Q

air mass

A

large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

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28
Q

weather fonts

A

air masses interact in zones

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29
Q

is there only one jet stream in the world?

A

no there are four

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30
Q

how many pressure systems are there

A

two low and high pressure

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31
Q

what is the low pressure system also known as

A

alow

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32
Q

which way does the air flow in a low pressure system

A

counterclockwise

33
Q

what is a result of a low pressure system

A

causes air to rise which causes cloud formation and precipitation

34
Q

what is a high pressure system also known as

A

High

35
Q

which direction does a high pressure system flow

A

clockwise

36
Q

what are some results of a high pressure system

A

air sinks, causes clear skies

37
Q

the four weather fronts are…

A
  • cold front
  • warm front
  • stationary front
  • occluded front
38
Q

what happened through a cold front

A

forces warm air upward

39
Q

what is a cold front represented by on the news

A

blue triangles moving upward

40
Q

what would present a warm front on the news

A

red circles

41
Q

what represents a stationary front on the news

A

alternating triangles and half circles

42
Q

what can a occluded front cause

A

thunderstorms and strong wind

43
Q

what represents

A

purple alternating triangles and half circles

44
Q

28.3

A
45
Q

maritime climate

A

a climate that is strongly affected by the ocean

46
Q

continental climate

A

a climate that is not directly affected by the ocean

47
Q

sea breeze

A

blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than water

48
Q

what is climate

A

long term average of weather conditions

49
Q

what is weather

A

day to day outside condition

50
Q

what are the five sphere that make up earths system

A 
atmosphere
cryosphere
lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
51
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

includes the air around us

52
Q

what is biosphere

A

anything that is organic

53
Q

what is hydrosphere

A

anything that includes water

54
Q

what is cryosphere

A

anything with frozen water (snow, ice, glaciers, etc.)

55
Q

what is lithosphere

A

earths outermost layer

56
Q

what is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location

A

latitude

57
Q

where is the greatest amount of solar radiation received on earth

A

at the eguater

58
Q

at a tropical zone what degrees does the sun rays hit earth

A

90 degrees

59
Q

at what degrees do sun rays hit earths surface at the temperature zone

A

45

60
Q

at what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface at a polar zone

A

30

61
Q

which zone would we fall in

A

temperature zone

62
Q

what factors determine climate

A

precipitation
water
mountains

63
Q

what are some specifics on the windward side of a mountain

A

air is cool and wet with lots of vegetation

64
Q

what happens on the leeward side of a mountain

A

air is warm and dry with little vegetation

65
Q

what climate zone and vegetation does

Lamar have

A

warm semi-arid and grassland

66
Q

28.4

A
67
Q

global warming

A

increase in the average temperatures of Earths near-surface air and oceans

68
Q

El Nino

A

the warming of the Pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that occurs every 3 to 10 years

69
Q

la nina

A

occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

70
Q

what are the earths climate undergoes

A

seasonal and long-term

71
Q

how do seasonal changes occur

A

as earth revolves around the sun

72
Q

which hemisphere is tilted toward the sun

A

summer

73
Q

what was the period called when earths surface is covered with ice sheets

A

ice age

74
Q

how long ago did earths climate reach its current patterns

A

3000 years ago

75
Q

what are the changes related to earths orbit

A

tilt of earths axis, shape of the orbit, timing of the seasons

76
Q

how do humans impact the climate

A

energy consumption, deforestation, industrial and agricultural practice

77
Q

what is deforestation

A

clearing large areas of forest land

78
Q

how does deforestation impact the climate

A

trees remove carbon dioxide

79
Q

what are the two ways the carbon cycle is affected

A

deforestation and loss of vegetation

physical science (6 decks)

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