Ch. 26

Question 1

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

color of a mineral in powdered form

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

minerals that break with irregular surfaces

Answer 4

fracture

Question 5

physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

molten rock material inside Earth

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

What are the two most abundant elements in earths crust?

Answer 7

silicon and oxygen

Question 8

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 8

materials that are non-living

Question 9

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 9

minerals breaks, how hard, crystal shape

Question 10

what are all of the ways to identify minerals

Answer 10

luster, streak, cleavage and fracture, hardness, crystal shape

Question 11

what are the two types of luster

Answer 11

metallic and nonmetallic

Question 12

how does metallic luster reflect light

Answer 12

very easily metal surface

Question 13

how does nonmetallic reflect light

Answer 13

shine like glass

Question 14

how do you preform a streak test

Answer 14

rubbing a mineral on an un-glazed porcelain tile

Question 15

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

Answer 15

cleavage and fractor

Question 16

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

Answer 16

Mohs Scale of Hardness

Question 17

what is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness

Answer 17

1-10

Question 18

how many different crystal shape systems are there

Answer 18

six

Question 19

minerals grow from the…

Answer 19

inside out

Question 20

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

Answer 20

hot water, molten rock, evaporation

Question 21

what are the two mineral groups

Answer 21

silicate, nonsilicates

Question 22

which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth´s crust

Answer 22

silicate minerals are the most abundant

Question 23

what elements are Silicates made up of

Answer 23

silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons that are not linked

Question 24

nonsilicates do not contain what element

Answer 24

silicon

Question 25

what mineral is used to make glass

Answer 25

quartz

Question 26

a mineral is ________ _______ ________

Answer 26

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystalline form

Answer 27

luster streak cleavage fr

Question 28

define rock

Answer 28

solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planet

Question 29

how are rocks identified?

Answer 29

composition and texture

Question 30

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 30

shape size and arrangement of a rock

Question 31

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Answer 31

from molten rock

Question 32

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 32

magma

Question 33

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

Answer 33

bowenś reaction series

Question 34

what are the 3 types of magma?

Answer 34

mafic, intermediate, felsic

Question 35

which magma type has a low silica content?

Answer 35

mafic

Question 36

which magma type has a high silica content?

Answer 36

felsic

Question 37

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?(oceanic or continental)

Answer 37

continental,

Question 38

which type of crust has little to no quartz?(oceanic or continental)

Answer 38

deep-continental

Question 39

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

Answer 39

intrusive igneous rock

Question 40

which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

Answer 40

extrusive igneous rock

Question 41

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 41

quickly

Question 42

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 42

vesicular texture and porphyritic texture

Question 43

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 43

vesicular

Question 44

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Answer 44

porphyritic

Question 45

what type of rock has a vesicular(holey) texture?

Answer 45

pumice

Question 46

define clasts

Answer 46

small rocks and mineral fragments

Question 47

what types of erosion are rocks on earths surface exposed to

Answer 47

water wind and other forces

Question 48

what does it mean if clasts are being transported

Answer 48

being moved from one place to another

Question 49

what does it mean if clatss are being deposited

Question 50

define pore space

Answer 50

empty spaces between grains

Question 51

define compaction

Answer 51

clasts stick together due to weight

Question 52

define cementation

Answer 52

minerals persipitate slowly uot of water solution and crystallize in the space between clasts

Question 53

how are sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 53

clasts get compacted together water flows through

Question 54

what is another name for clasts

Answer 54

detritus

Question 55

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

Answer 55

detrital sedimentary rock

Question 56

what is the decreasing size of clasts

Answer 56

gravel sand silt mud or clay

Question 57

which clast size would be deposited first

Answer 57

gravel

Question 58

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 59

how are chenical sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 59

water that contains solids

Answer 60

biochemical sedimentary rock

Answer 61

limestone, coal

Question 62

26.4

Question 63

metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which is 3 things?

Answer 63

heat pressure or chemical reaction

Question 64

which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 64

igneous sedimentary or metamorphic

Question 65

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 65

regional metamorphism

Question 66

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?

Answer 66

contact metamorphism

Question 67

when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 67

slate

Question 68

what are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 68

foliated and nonfoliated rock

Question 69

define foliated texture

Question 70

define nonfoliated texture

Question 71

metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 71

texture and composition

Question 72

define rock cycle

Answer 72

continual changing of rocks from one type to

Question 73

which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle

Answer 73

igneous sedimentary metamorphic

Question 74

what are 3 types of rocks

Answer 74

igneous sedimentary metamorphic

Question 75

which type of rocks form from molten rock

Answer 75

igneous

Question 76

which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter

Answer 76

sedimentary

Question 77

which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 77

metamorphic

Question 78

what can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock

Answer 78

minerals