Ch. 26 Flashcards
a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
mineral
color of a mineral in powdered form
streak
a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides
cleavage
minerals that break with irregular surfaces
fracture
physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching
hardness
molten rock material inside Earth
magma
What are the two most abundant elements in earths crust?
silicon and oxygen
What does inorganic mean?
materials that are non-living
what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
minerals breaks, how hard, crystal shape
what are all of the ways to identify minerals
luster, streak, cleavage and fracture, hardness, crystal shape
what are the two types of luster
metallic and nonmetallic
how does metallic luster reflect light
very easily metal surface
how does nonmetallic reflect light
shine like glass
how do you preform a streak test
rubbing a mineral on an un-glazed porcelain tile
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals
cleavage and fractor
what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral
Mohs Scale of Hardness
what is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness
1-10
how many different crystal shape systems are there
six
minerals grow from the…
inside out
what are the 3 ways minerals can form
hot water, molten rock, evaporation
what are the two mineral groups
silicate, nonsilicates
which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth´s crust
silicate minerals are the most abundant
what elements are Silicates made up of
silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons that are not linked
nonsilicates do not contain what element
silicon
what mineral is used to make glass
quartz
a mineral is ________ _______ ________
naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystalline form
luster streak cleavage fr
define rock
solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planet
how are rocks identified?
composition and texture
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
shape size and arrangement of a rock
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
from molten rock
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?
magma
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
bowenś reaction series
what are the 3 types of magma?
mafic, intermediate, felsic
which magma type has a low silica content?
mafic
which magma type has a high silica content?
felsic
which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?(oceanic or continental)
continental,
which type of crust has little to no quartz?(oceanic or continental)
deep-continental
which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?
intrusive igneous rock
which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?
extrusive igneous rock
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
quickly
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?
vesicular texture and porphyritic texture
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
vesicular
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
porphyritic
what type of rock has a vesicular(holey) texture?
pumice
define clasts
small rocks and mineral fragments
what types of erosion are rocks on earths surface exposed to
water wind and other forces
what does it mean if clasts are being transported
being moved from one place to another
what does it mean if clatss are being deposited
define pore space
empty spaces between grains
define compaction
clasts stick together due to weight
define cementation
minerals persipitate slowly uot of water solution and crystallize in the space between clasts
how are sedimentary rocks formed
clasts get compacted together water flows through
what is another name for clasts
detritus
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts
detrital sedimentary rock
what is the decreasing size of clasts
gravel sand silt mud or clay
which clast size would be deposited first
gravel
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks
how are chenical sedimentary rocks formed
water that contains solids
biochemical sedimentary rock
limestone, coal
26.4
metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which is 3 things?
heat pressure or chemical reaction
which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?
igneous sedimentary or metamorphic
what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism
what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?
contact metamorphism
when shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?
slate
what are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?
foliated and nonfoliated rock
define foliated texture
define nonfoliated texture
metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
texture and composition
define rock cycle
continual changing of rocks from one type to
which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle
igneous sedimentary metamorphic
what are 3 types of rocks
igneous sedimentary metamorphic
which type of rocks form from molten rock
igneous
which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter
sedimentary
which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
metamorphic
what can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock
minerals
