CH 27.1 and 27.2 Vocab Flashcards
Is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earths surface
Weathering
is a mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water and air that is capable of supporting plant life.
Soil
Is the removal of surface material through the process weathering.
Erosion
process that moves materials from one place to another such is water, ice and wind
Sediment transport
When the erosional agent slows down In the case of water, wind, or gravity or melts in the case of glaciers it drop this sediment load in a process.
Deposition
The land area that gathers water for major river
Drainage basin
The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.
Longshore current
Do rocks weather at the same rate?
What are two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?
rock type and landscape
What are the two types of weathering?
Mechanical and chemical
What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?
what type of change happens with chemical weathering?
What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?
Frost Wedging Biological Activity,
What causes frost wedging?
Water collects
What is the cycle called during frost wedging?
Freeze Thaw Cycles
What causes biological activity?
Plants and Animals
What causes weathering during collisions?
When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?
Oxygen and Water
What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?
oxidation.
What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?
Hydrolysis
What is parent material?
Is a material from which soil forms
What are soil horizons?
Different layers of soil
How many soil horizons are there?
True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon?
False
What are the specific soil horizons?
What does the first soil horizon contain?
Organic Material
What is the second horizon mostly made of?
Minerals
Which layer does leeching occur?
Which horizon collects material from previous horizons?
Which layer is partially weathered in bedrock?
Which layer is unweathered bedrock?
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
Which soil horizons make up the true soil?
What is the difference between weathering and erosion
Weathering breaks down into materials
erosion removes surface material
if the slope of a river decreases what will happen to the speed it decreases.
Small streams that flow into a larger rivers are called
Tributes
Land area that gathers water for major rivers is called a
drainage basin
A boundary that separates distict drainage basins is called
drainage divide
As water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating.
channels
Young rivers are V shaped due to the fast movement.
V shaped
Mature rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes.
Mature
Flood plains
When rivers flood and drop their sediment load, it is called flood plains.
Deltas
A fan shaped sediment deposit will form at the mouth of a river into another body of water.
dis tributaries are the branching channels.
Alluvial Fans
Form where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land
What are two types of glaciers?
Valley and continental
Were do valley glaciers form?
Form in high, mountainous regionss
Where do continental glaciers form?
they form in colder climates and occupied large land areas.
Where are two continental glaciers located?
Greenland and Antarctica.
What is a cirque
Bowl shaped basins.
What is an arete
Form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline
What is a horn in a mountamous region?
Sharpend and peaks
What shape of valley do valley glaciers form?
They create U shaped valleys.
What are tributary glaciers?
Small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers.
What type of valley do tributary glaciers.
Create hanging Valleys
On which side of a sand dune does erosion occur on
the windward side
on which side of sand dunes does deposition occur
leeward side
the removal of small particles by wind,leaving heavier particles behind, is called defaltion.
When small particles are removed, the remaining surface is called desert pavement.
what is deflation?
removal of small particles by wind
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
weathering breaks down materials and erosion?
The shapes and sizes of land forms being eroded by what?
a windspeed, amount of wind blows, sediment supply.
What are 3 land forms created by wave erosion
Coastal cliffs, sea arches, sea stacks
What are 2 examples of wave definition
Sand bars, and sand spits
What are sand bars?
land forms that are parallel to shoreline.
What B a sand spits?
Extend into water and and curve back to land.
What are things that can cause mass wasting?
snow, heavy rains, human activity
What are the exam roles of mass wasting?
Rock slides, landslides.
