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Physical Science > CH 27.1 and 27.2 Vocab > Flashcards

CH 27.1 and 27.2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earths surface

A

Weathering

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2
Q

is a mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

A

Soil

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3
Q

Is the removal of surface material through the process weathering.

A

Erosion

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4
Q

process that moves materials from one place to another such is water, ice and wind

A

Sediment transport

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5
Q

When the erosional agent slows down In the case of water, wind, or gravity or melts in the case of glaciers it drop this sediment load in a process.

A

Deposition

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6
Q

The land area that gathers water for major river

A

Drainage basin

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7
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.

A

Longshore current

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A
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9
Q

What are two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A

rock type and landscape

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10
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A
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12
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A
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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A

Frost Wedging Biological Activity,

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14
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

Water collects

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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

Freeze Thaw Cycles

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16
Q

What causes biological activity?

A

Plants and Animals

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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

A

Oxygen and Water

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19
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?

A

oxidation.

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20
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?

A

Hydrolysis

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21
Q

What is parent material?

A

Is a material from which soil forms

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22
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

Different layers of soil

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23
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A
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24
Q

True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon?

A

False

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25
Q

What are the specific soil horizons?

A
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26
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain?

A

Organic Material

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27
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made of?

A

Minerals

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28
Q

Which layer does leeching occur?

A
29
Q

Which horizon collects material from previous horizons?

A
30
Q

Which layer is partially weathered in bedrock?

A
31
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A
32
Q

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

A
33
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A
34
Q

Which soil horizons make up the true soil?

A
35
Q

What is the difference between weathering and erosion

A

Weathering breaks down into materials

36
Q

erosion removes surface material

A

if the slope of a river decreases what will happen to the speed it decreases.

37
Q

Small streams that flow into a larger rivers are called

A

Tributes

38
Q

Land area that gathers water for major rivers is called a

A

drainage basin

39
Q

A boundary that separates distict drainage basins is called

A

drainage divide

40
Q

As water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating.

A

channels

41
Q

Young rivers are V shaped due to the fast movement.

A

V shaped

42
Q

Mature rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes.

A

Mature

43
Q

Flood plains

A

When rivers flood and drop their sediment load, it is called flood plains.

44
Q

Deltas

A

A fan shaped sediment deposit will form at the mouth of a river into another body of water.
dis tributaries are the branching channels.

45
Q

Alluvial Fans

A

Form where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land

46
Q

What are two types of glaciers?

A

Valley and continental

47
Q

Were do valley glaciers form?

A

Form in high, mountainous regionss

48
Q

Where do continental glaciers form?

A

they form in colder climates and occupied large land areas.

49
Q

Where are two continental glaciers located?

A

Greenland and Antarctica.

50
Q

What is a cirque

A

Bowl shaped basins.

51
Q

What is an arete

A

Form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline

52
Q

What is a horn in a mountamous region?

A

Sharpend and peaks

53
Q

What shape of valley do valley glaciers form?

A

They create U shaped valleys.

54
Q

What are tributary glaciers?

A

Small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers.

55
Q

What type of valley do tributary glaciers.

A

Create hanging Valleys

56
Q

On which side of a sand dune does erosion occur on

A

the windward side

57
Q

on which side of sand dunes does deposition occur

A

leeward side

58
Q
A

the removal of small particles by wind,leaving heavier particles behind, is called defaltion.

59
Q
A

When small particles are removed, the remaining surface is called desert pavement.

60
Q

what is deflation?

A

removal of small particles by wind

61
Q

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

A

weathering breaks down materials and erosion?

62
Q

The shapes and sizes of land forms being eroded by what?

A

a windspeed, amount of wind blows, sediment supply.

63
Q

What are 3 land forms created by wave erosion

A

Coastal cliffs, sea arches, sea stacks

64
Q

What are 2 examples of wave definition

A

Sand bars, and sand spits

65
Q

What are sand bars?

A

land forms that are parallel to shoreline.

66
Q

What B a sand spits?

A

Extend into water and and curve back to land.

67
Q

What are things that can cause mass wasting?

A

snow, heavy rains, human activity

68
Q

What are the exam roles of mass wasting?

A

Rock slides, landslides.

Physical Science (13 decks)

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