ch 27 male reproductive Flashcards
1
Q
Which are the primary sex organs? (Gonads)
A
Testes in males
ovaries in females
2
Q
What do the primary sex organs produce?
A
Gametes
Steroid sex hormones
3
Q
What is the female Gametes?
A
Ova
4
Q
What is the male Gametes?
A
Sperm
5
Q
Name the female steroid sex hormones
A
Estrogens and progesterones
6
Q
Name the male steroid sex hormones
A
Androgens
7
Q
What are the accessory reproductive organs?
A
ducts
glands
external genitalia
8
Q
Role of Sex hormones
A
- Development and function of reproductive organs
- Sexual behavior and drives
- Growth and development of many other organs and tissues
9
Q
What is the route of sperm?
A
- –Epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
10
Q
Name the accesory sex glands
A
–Seminal glands
–Prostate
–Bulbo-urethral glands
11
Q
What is the role of the testes?
A
produces sperm
12
Q
What is the structure labelled A?
A
Seminal Gland (Vesicle)
13
Q
What is the structure labelled B?
A
Ampulla of ductus deferens
14
Q
What is the structure labelled C?
A
Ejaculatory duct
15
Q
What is the structure labelled D?
A
Prostate
16
Q
What is the structure labelled E?
A
Bulbourethral gland
17
Q
What is the structure labelled F?
A
Bulb of penis
18
Q
What is the structure labelled G?
A
Ductus vas deferens
19
Q
What is the structure labelled H?
A
Prostatic
20
Q
What is the structure labelled I?
A
intermediate part of the urethra
21
Q
What is the structure labelled J?
A
Corpus cavernosum
22
Q
What is the structure labelled K?
A
Corpus spongeosum
23
Q
What is the structure labelled L?
A
Spongy urethra
24
Q
What is the structure labelled M?
A
Glans Penis
25
What is the structure labelled N?
Prepuce (foreskin)
26
What is the structure labelled O?
External urethral orifice
27
What is the structure labelled P?
Epididymis
28
What is the structure labelled Q?
Testis
29
What is the structure labelled R?
Scrotum
30
Which two sets of muscles help keep the scrotum at the correct temperature?
–Dartos muscle - smooth muscle- brings them in
–Cremaster muscles - bands of skeletal muscle that elevate testes
31
How man degrees lower than core body temperature is it necessary for testes to be for sperm production
3oc
32
What are the two tunics the testes are surrounded by?
–Tunica vaginalis – outer layer derived from peritoneum
–Tunica albuginea – inner layer; fibrous capsule
33
What is the septa of the testis?
divide testis into ~250 lobules
34
What are the seminiferous tubules?
Site of sperm production?
35
How many seminiferous tubules does a lobule of testis contain?
1-4
36
What is the site of sperm production?
Seminiferous tubules
37
What is the journey of sperm from production to epididymis?
–Seminiferous tubules
–Straight tubule
–Rete testis
–Efferent ductules
–Epididymis
38
What is contained in the epithelium of the testes?
–Spheroid spermatogenic cells embedded in sustentocytes
39
Which cell type surrounds each tubule in the testis?
Myoid cells
40
What is the role of Interstitial endocrine cells in soft tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules?
Secrete androgens, e.g., testosterone into interstitial fluid
41
Where is the blood for the testis supplied from?
–Testicular arteries arise from abdominal aorta
Testicular veins arise from pampiniform venous plexus
42
What is the spermatic cord?
encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply testes
43
What is the male perineum?
* Diamond-shaped region between pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities
* Suspends scrotum
* Contains root of penis and anus
44
What does the penis consist of?
Root
shaft
glans penis
prepuce (foreskin)
crura
45
What is the role of crura?
Anchors the penis to the pubic arch
46
What is the role of ducts in the male reproductive system?
Carry sperm from testes to body exterior
47
What is contained in teh head of the penis?
Efferent ductiles
48
Ho long is the duct of the epididymis?
6m
49
What is the process of vasectomy?
cutting and ligating ductus deferens; nearly 100% effective form of birth control
50
What are the three regions of the urethra?
Prostatic urethra
Intermediate urethra
spongy urethra
51
What is the structure labelled A?
Prostate gland
52
What is the structure labelled B?
Paired seminal glands
53
What is the structure labelled C?
Bulbo-urethral glands
54
What is produced by the seminal glands?
Produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid
55
What does the prostate gland produce?
* Secretes milky, slightly acid fluid
* Role in sperm activation
* 1/3 semen volume
56
What is the role of the bulbo-urethral gland? (Cowpers gland)
•Produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal
–Lubricate glans penis
–Neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra
57
What is semen?
•Milky-white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
58
What is the Ph of semen
•Alkaline (pH: 7.2-8.0)à neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina à enhanced motility
59
What are the functions of semen?
* Prostaglandins decrease viscosity of mucus in cervix; stimulate reverse peristalsis in uterus
* Hormone relaxin, enzymes à enhance sperm motility
* Contains ATP for energy
* Suppresses female immune response
* Antibacterial action
60
Which part of the nervous system is involved with male sexual arousal?
– CNS activation of parasympathetic neurons
61
what are the factors affecting male arousal?
who cares????
62
what is the speed of male ejaculation?
11mph
63
What type of reflex is ejaculation?
–Sympathetic spinal reflex
64
What type of chromosomes are produce by male gametes?
Haploid chromosomes (23 unpaired chromosomes)
65
What process is involved in the production of gametes?
meiosis
66
How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?
4
67
What are the functions of meiosis?
* Random alignment of homologous pairs in meiosis I ( variability of gametes)
* Crossover - variability of gametes
68
What is the purpose of meiosis?
production of gametes for sexual reproduction?
69
What are the phases of meiosis?
Meiosis I
* Prophase
* Metaphase
* Anaphase
* Telophase
Meiosis II
* Prophase
* Metaphase
* Anaphase
* Telophase
Cytokinesis
70
What type of cells give rise to sperm?
spermatogenic
71
What happens during spermiogenesis?
Spermatids become sperm
72
When does spermatogenesis begin?
During puberty
73
Which cells maintain germ cell line at basal lamina?
Type A
74
What is the role of type B cells
move toward lumen and develop into primary spermatocytes
75
What are the major regions of a sperm?
* Head
* Midpiece
* Tail
76
Which region of the sperm contains the genetic information?
Head
77
What are sustenocytes?
•Large supporting cells (Sertoli cells):
78
How long does spermatogenesis take?
64-72 days
79
What is the mechanism and effect of testosterone in the male reproductive system?
–Synthesized from cholesterol
–Transformed to exert its effects on some target cells
* Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in prostate
* Estradiol in some neurons in brain
* Prompts spermatogenesis
* Targets all accessory organs
* Has multiple anabolic effects throughout body
80
What are the male secondary sex characteristics
•Features induced in nonreproductive organs by male sex hormones (mainly testosterone) eg.
–Appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair
–Enhanced growth of chest hair; deepening of voice
