Ch. 26

Question 1

Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

Answer 1

Mineral

Question 2

The color of a mineral in powdered form.

Answer 2

Streak

Question 3

Minerals that break unevenly.

Answer 3

fracture

Question 4

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel lines.

Answer 4

cleavage

Question 5

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching.

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

Molten rock material inside Earth.

Answer 6

Magma

Question 7

A mineral is _____, _______, _______.

Answer 7

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form.

Question 8

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

Answer 8

oxygen and silicon

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

Minerals are materials that are not living.

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

Reflects the way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what type of crystal shape it is.

Question 11

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

Luster, streak, fracture, cleavage, hardness, atomic arrangement and crystal shape.

Question 12

What are the two types of luster?

Answer 12

nonmetallic and metallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light.

Answer 13

Very easily like a metal reflects light.

Question 14

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

Answer 14

Not as good like glass.

Question 15

How do you preform a streak test?

Answer 15

Rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile.

Question 16

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

Fracture or Cleavage

Question 17

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

Mohs Scale of Hardness

Question 18

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

Minerals grow from the ______.

Answer 20

atoms added to its surfaces, edges, or corners

Question 21

What are three ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

Hot water, molten rock, and evaporation.

Question 22

What are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

silicates and non silicates

Question 23

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

Answer 23

silicate minerals

Question 24

What elements are silicates made up of?

Answer 24

Quartz and Feldspar

Question 25

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

Do not contain silicate

Question 26

What mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

Quartz

Question 27

Define rock

Answer 27

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass.

Question 28

How are rocks identified?

Answer 28

Their composition and texture

Question 29

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 29

The size, shape, and arrangement of the rock's components

Question 30

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 30

Within Earth's crust

Question 31

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from.

Answer 31

igneous rocks

Question 32

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

Answer 32

magma composition

Question 33

What are the 3 types of magma?

Answer 33

matic, intermediate, and felsic

Question 34

Which magma type has a low silica content?

Answer 34

Mafic

Question 35

Which magma has high silica content?

Answer 35

Felsic

Question 36

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?

Answer 36

continental crust

Question 37

Which type of crust has little to no quartz?

Answer 37

deep locations in continental crust or oceanic crust

Question 38

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse-grained texture?

Answer 38

Intrusive igneous rocks

Question 39

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

Answer 39

extrusive igneous rocks

Question 40

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 40

Quickly

Question 41

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 41

scoria and pumice

Question 42

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 42

Fine-grained

Question 43

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Answer 43

porphyritic

Question 44

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

Answer 44

pumice

Question 45

Define clasts

Answer 45

small rock and mineral fragments

Question 46

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 46

water, wind, and other forces

Question 47

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 47

they are getting moved to new locations

Question 48

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 48

they're getting dropped off

Question 49

Define pore space

Answer 49

the empty space between grains

Question 50

Define compaction

Answer 50

when clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

Question 51

Define cementation

Answer 51

When minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts

Question 52

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 52

clasts get compressed, then water flows through them, and finally cementation happens

Question 53

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 53

detritus

Question 54

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 54

detrital sedimentary rock

Question 55

Which clast size would be deposited first?

Answer 55

gravel

Question 56

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 56

gravel, sand, silt, and clay

Question 57

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 57

formed when water contains dissolved solids

Question 58

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 58

biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 59

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 59

limestone and coal

Question 60

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 60

detrital, chemical, and biochemical

Question 61

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 61

Heat, pressure, and chemical reactions

Question 62

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 62

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 63

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 63

regional metamorphism

Question 64

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?

Answer 64

contact metamorphism

Question 65

What shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 65

slate

Question 66

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 66

Foliated or nonfoliated

Question 67

Define foliated texture

Answer 67

crystals are arranged in layers and bands

Question 68

Define nonfoliated texture

Answer 68

crystals are randomly placed

Question 69

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things.

Answer 69

Texture and composition

Question 70

Define rock cycle

Answer 70

Continual changing from one type to another

Question 71

Which types of rocks are part if the rock cycle?

Answer 71

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 72

What are the 3 types of rocks?

Answer 72

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 73

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

Answer 73

igneous

Question 74

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

Answer 74

sedimentary

Question 75

Which types of rocks are formed form heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 75

metamorphic

Question 76

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 76

minerals