Ch. 25

Question 1

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys.

Answer 1

Mid-Ocean Ridge

Question 2

A long narrow depression formed in between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge.

Answer 2

Rift Valley

Question 3

The boundary where two plates collide

Answer 3

Convergent Plate Boundary

Question 4

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent

Answer 4

Subduction

Question 5

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Answer 5

Divergent Plate Boundary

Question 6

Transform Plate BoundaryA type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

Answer 6

Transform Plate Boundary

Question 7

A sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in earth’s crust and faults

Answer 7

Earthquake

Question 8

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has been removed.

Answer 8

Fault

Question 9

Sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

Answer 9

Elastic Rebound

Question 10

The point of origin for an earthquake

Answer 10

Focus

Question 11

The point on an Earth’s surface directly above the focus point

Answer 11

epicenter

Question 12

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What were some pieces of evidence to support Wegner’s hypothesis?

Answer 13

1. Coastlines match up like puzzle pieces
2. Found large land animal fossils
3. Mountain ranges match up and the rocks are made up of same composition and age

Question 14

What was the name of the super continent?

Answer 14

Pangea

Question 15

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

How did Harry Hess map the bottom of the seafloor?

Answer 16

Sonar

Question 17

Who discovered the mid-ocean ridge system?

Answer 17

Harry Hess

Question 18

Where on the sea floor is the youngest rock going to be found.

Answer 18

Closest to the MOR (mid-ocean ridge)

Question 19

What are the types of plate boundaries?

Answer 19

Divergent, Convergent, Transform

Question 20

How do convergent boundaries move?

Answer 20

They collide

Question 21

Subduction zones only occur with what type of plate boundary?

Answer 21

Convergent Plate Boundaries

Question 22

What two types of crust are involved in plate movement?

Answer 22

Oceanic and Continental crust

Question 23

What are the types of land forms that can be created when Oceanic and Continental crust converge?

Answer 23

Deep Sea Trench and Volcanoes

Question 24

What land forms are created when two Oceanic crust converge?

Answer 24

Deep Sea Trench and Hot Spots (creates islands)

Question 25

What land forms are created when two continental crusts converge?

Answer 25

Mountains

Question 26

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 26

They seperate

Question 27

What are the two examples of divergent boundaries?

Answer 27

MOR and Eastern African Rift

Question 28

How do transform plate boundaries form?

Answer 28

They slide past each other.

Question 29

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

Answer 29

San Andreas Fault (two continental crusts)

Question 30

How does a convection current work?

Answer 30

1. magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises | 2. magma cools down, becomes more dense, and falls

Question 31

What types of plate boundaries have shallow plate boundaries?

Answer 31

Divergent and Transform

Question 32

Which boundaries have deeper earthquakes?

Answer 32

Convergent Plate Boundaries

Question 33

What are the four types of stress that can be applied to rocks.

Answer 33

1. Compression Stress 2. Tension Stress 3. Shear Stress 4. Torsion Stress

Question 34

What are the types of deformation?

Answer 34

Elastic Deformation and Plastic Deformation

Question 35

What happens to the rock if elastic deformation occurs?

Answer 35

As soon as the stress is released it returns to its original form.

Question 36

What happens to the rock if plastic deformation occurs?

Answer 36

As soon as the stress is released it remains in its new shape.

Question 37

What types of seismic waves are there?

Answer 37

1. Primary Waves 2. Secondary Waves 3. Surface Waves

Question 38

Which type of seismic wave moves the fastest?

Answer 38

Primary Wave (P Wave)

Question 39

How primary waves move?

Answer 39

Compression Wave

Question 40

How do secondary waves move?

Answer 40

Up and Down

Question 41

What types of material can P waves move through?

Answer 41

Solids and Liquids

Question 42

What types of materials can S waves move through?

Answer 42

Only solids

Question 43

Which waves are the most complex?

Answer 43

Surface Waves

Question 44

What are the two scales that help us measure earthquakes?

Answer 44

The Richter Scale and Mercalli Scale

Question 45

What does the Richter Scale measure?

Answer 45

The Amount of energy released?

Question 46

What does the Mercalli scale measure?

Answer 46

The amount of damage caused

Question 47

sphere

Answer 47

a round 3-dimensional object

Question 48

ellipse

Answer 48

an elongated closed curve with two foci