Ch 25 Flashcards
This man was the army chief of staff general who pushed for the WAAC
George Marshall
This allowed for women volunteers in non combat positions
Women’s auxiliary army corps
This man founded the brotherhood of sleeping car porters
A. Phillip Randolph
What is Randolph known for?
Being a black labor leader who pushed FDR to call on employers to not discriminate
How did FDR bring scientists into the war effort?
The office of scientific research and development (OSRD, 1941)
This was the program to develop and atomic bomb during WWII-started at Columbia university
The manhattan project
This was an agency established by congress to control inflation by freezing prices
Office of price administration (OPA)
How did OPA do it’s job?
Raising taxes to reduce demand and disposable income, and encouraging people to buy war bonds
This is the fixed allotment of goods to ensure supplies for the military
Rationing
This is an agency established to coordinate the production of military supplies by US industries
War production board
This is when hitler used u-boats to make sure goods did not reach Britain or the USSR
Battle of the Atlantic
This was the attack on the major industrial center of the Volga river
Battle of Stalingrad
Why was hitler interested in Stalingrad?
Oil fields in the Caucasus mountains
When did Stalingrad start?
August 1942
How did the Russians win Stalingrad?
They brought tanks across frozen rivers and trapped them
When did the Germans surrender in Stalingrad?
January 1943-1 million soviets died defending the city
This was the plan to attack North Africa in November 1942, landing and pushing west
Operation torch
This man was the general who commanded operation torch
Dwight D. Eisenhower
What ended up happening in operation torch?
Erwin Rammel )desert fox) was chased and defeated in may 1943
What was the importance of Stalingrad?
It was the turning point of the war- afterwards, the USSR army pushed westward
When did Sicily fall to the US?
Summer 1943
When and why did Italy fall?
1945, because hitler was determined not to let it fall but it did when Germany was almost defeated
This was a highly decorated black squadron in WWII
Tuskegee airmen
This is a Japanese American squadron, most decorated in history
442nd regiment
This was the plan to invade France and free western Europe
Operation Overlord
Where was the Overlord attack planned?
Normandy
How was Hitler thrown off with Overlord?
Phantom army and fake radio messages
This was the day when the attack to liberate France was executed- the largest land-sea-air operation ever
D-Day, June 6, 1944
How many troops landed in Normandy with supplies?
1 million after a month
This man initiated a July 1944 bombardment at St. Lo providing a gap in German defenses for the 3rd army to reach the Seine River (Paris)
General Omar Bradley
This man was the leader of the 3rd army and liberated Paris after 4 years of occupation (Aug. 25)
George Patton
When did the Allies free France, Belgium, and Luxembourg?
September 1944
When was FDR elected for a 4th term?
11/1944
This was the last ditched major German offensive of the war, lasting 1 month
Battle of the Bulge-December 1944
What did Hitler hope to do at the Battle of the Bulge?
Split US and British forces to cut off supply lines
When did the Soviets reach berlin?
April 1945
THis is the Victory in Europe Day
V-E Day, May 8, 1945
When did FDR die and how?
He had a stroke on April 12, 1945
This man was the 33rd president
Harry S. Truman, Dem, 1945-1953
This man was the commander of the Allies, forced to flee in the philippines in early 1942
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
This was a daring attack on Tokyo by 16 bombers in April 1942
Doolittle’s raid
This was a 5 day battle stopping Japanese movement to Australia
Battle of the Coral Sea-May 1942
What was the significance of the Battle of the Coral sea?
1st time since Pearl Harbor that the Japs had been stopped
This was a battle in a strategic island N of hawaii
Battle of Midway-June 1942
How did we know that the Battle of Midway was coming?
We broke Japanese code
What is significant about Midway?
It was the turning point of the war in the pacific
THis man commanded the naval force in the Pacific
Admiral Chester Nimitz
This was the 1st offensive in the soloma islands and the first Japanese defeat on land
Battle of Guadacanal- 8/7/1942-2/1943
This was when MacArthur returned to the Philippines after 2 years
Leyte Island-Oct 1944
THis is a suicide plan meany divine wind used at Leyte Island
Kamikaze
This was a strategic island where bombers could reach the Japanese mainland
Iwo Jima (2/45-3/45)
This was the largest amphibious assault in the pacific and the deadliest in the Pacific
Okinawa-2-3 1945 (82 days)
THis man was the American scientist who directed bomb research
J. Robert Oppenheimer
This city was the japanese military center that had been bombed
Hiroshima- Aug 6, 1945
How was the Hiroshima bomb operation carried out?
B-29 “Enola Gay” dripped the bomb named “Little Boy”
What was a nisei?
a 1st gen of American-born Japanese. 2/3 of people in the internment
When was Nagasaki bombed? What was that bomb’s name?
Aug 9, 1945. Fat Man
How many people died from atomic blasts?
200,000-both by the end of the year
When is Victory in Japan Day
Aug 14, 1945
When and where did Hirohito surrender?
Sept 2, 1945 on battleship Missouri
When did European reconstruction begin?
Feb 1945
This was when FDR, Stalin, and Churchill met to make war concessions
Yalata Conference
What did FDR ask Stalin to do at Yalata?
Wage war in the pacific and support the UN
How was germany divided?
4 zones-US, USSR, Brit, and French
What did Stalin promise for Poland and occupied Eastern European countries?
Elections
This was the court proceeding from 1945-1946 in which 24 nazi leaders were tried for war crimes
Nuremberg Trials
How allowed farmers to prosper?
New technology and demand
This provided veterans with money for homes, businesses, education, and training
GI Bill-Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
This man was a civil rights leader and founder of CORE
James Farmer
This was an organization to confront urban segregation in the north
Congress of Racial Equality
What was a zoot suit?
a young mexican fashion-pleated pants and a long jacket
This was a week long riot in LA in the summer of 1943
Zoot Suit Riot
This was the confiement of 1444 Japanese Americans in Hawaii
Internment
What removed 110,000 Japanese Americans from their homes in the west cost?
FDR’s 1942 requirement ordering them to be removed to relocation centers
This pressured the gov’t to give money for property lost in internment, paying out $20,000 checks in 1990
Japanese American Citizens League
