Ch 18 Flashcards
What is imperialism?
Stronger nations expand control over a weaker territories vea economics, polotics, and military
What fuels imperialism?
Manifest destiny, military strength, thirst for new markets, and belief in cultural superiority
This man urged a naval buildup to compete with other nations
Alfred Mahan
What did military strength mean in imperialism?
Building modern battleships
What did a thirst for new markets mean for imperialism?
Using foreign trade to fix over production-related problems of unemployment and economic depression
When did the US buy Alaska?
1867
Who was William Seward?
The man that arranged for the Alaskan purchase from the Russians for $7.2 mil
What was Alaska dubbed after the purchase? How were they wrong?
Seward’s Icebox/Seward’s Folly, it was really resource rich
What is Pearl Harbor?
A US naval base that was used since the Navy since 1887
What did the McKinkey tariff do?
Eliminated the duty-free status of planters in 1890
Who was Queen Liliuokalani?
The Hawaiian queen who proposed removing property qualifications for voting in Hawaii-keep Hawaii power
Who was Sanford B. Dole?
A planter that headed the Hawaiian government after they overthrew the queen
When did Hawaii become a territory and state?
Territory-1898. State-1959
Who is Jose Marti?
A cuban journalist who organized a revolution in 1895 to achieve “Cuba Libre” (Free Cuba)
Who was Valeriano Weyler?
A spanish general sent to Cuba to restore order to Cuba by sending thousands to concentration camps
What is yellow journalism?
Exaggeration to engage readers
What was the de Lome Letter?
A letter sent to McKinley from Spanish minister Enrique deLome criticizing McKinley, angering Americans (Feb 1898)
What was the USS Maine?
A battleship that exploded in the Havana harbor in Feb 1898-260 dies, “Remember the Maine”
Who was George Dewey?
Commodore of the US fleet who attacked the Spanish at Manila
Who were the Rough Riders>
A volunteer cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt
What was San Juan Hill?
A strategically important battle brought fame to Roosevelt; it made the Spanish fleet retreat from the island
What did the 1898 treaty of paris do?
Spain freed Cuba and gave the US Guam and Puerto Rico
How much did Spain sell the Philippines for?
$20mil
When was the Philippines annexed and made independent?
1899, 1946
Why was Puerto Rico strategically important?
It maintained our presence in the caribbean and protected a future canal
This ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil government
Foracker Act
This provided provisions that the US required Cuba to add to their constitution
Platt Amendment
What did the Platt Amendment do?
Allowed buying and leasing of land for the US navy, cuba couldn’t go into debt, and there could be no treaties that limited independence
THis is a country who’s affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power… ie Cuba and the USA
protectorate
Why was an American political presence in Cuba important?
It protected American businesses and investors
This man was a rebel leader who was angered by the annexation of the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
How did the US repsond to revolts in the Philippines?
“Designated Living Zones” aka concentration camps
How long did it take the US to put down Filipino rebellions?
3 years
What were the Open Door Notes?
John Hay’s letters to say no monopolies in China
This was a failed Chinese attempt by a secret society to free their country from western influence
Boxer Rebellion, 1900
What 3 beliefs of the US economy did the Open Door Notes reflect?
- Growth depends on exports 2. US could intervene abroad to keep markets open 3. Closing an area to US products threatens US survival
What was an effect of Imperialism on the US as a whole under McKinley?
We gained an empire
Why did people oppose Imperialism?
They felt it went up against our values
What was formed as a result of imperialism?
An anti-imperialist league with many prominent members
How did Roosevelt win a Nobel peace prize?
1906 treaty of Portsmouth
What did the treaty of Portsmouth do?
Mediated a war petered Japan and Russia
What did Roosevelt push for?
Construction of the panama canal
What happened to get Roosevelt in office?
McKinley was assassinated
What did it initially cost to start the canal?
A flat fee ($40 mil) and yearly rent in 1904
When was the canal finished?
1914
What did Roosevelt base Latin American policy on?
The west African proverb “speak softly and carry a big stick”
This was a 1904 extension of the Monroe doctrine
Roosevelt corollary
What did the Roosevelt corollary claim?
The right to protect economic interests with military intervention in the affairs of the west hemisphere nations
This was a tactic to keep Europeans out of western affairs
Dollar diplomacy
How did dollar diplomacy work?
We would use our economic power to back loans made by other nations-started by Taft
This was where the US had a moral obligation to deny recognition to oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile governments in Latin America
Wilson’s missionary diplomacy
These people were rebels who opposed the New Mexican government
Francisco “Poncho” Villa and Emiliana Zapata
How did Villa and Zapata rebel?
They killed American engineers and raided New Mexico, killing 17
This man was ordered to capture Villa-didn’t succeed
John J Pershing
What foreign policy goals did the US achieve in the early 1900s?
We expanded access to foreign markets, built a modern navy to protect interests abroad, and exercised our international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America
