Ch 23 Transoceanic Empires & Global Interactions Flashcards
What were the motives for European exploration? Economically, what was the real motive?
Wanted to spread chirstianity and obtain natural resources.
Missionary efforts consisted of what?
What technological advancements pushed the exploration movement further?
Compass, astrolabe, and better building materials for ships.
What is Volta do mar? Why was Volta do mar a game changer in trade for
Europeans?
It helped them avoid winds and helped trade go faster for Portugal.
What were the accomplishments of Dom Henrique (Prince Henry)?
Apart of Portugal monarchy starts a navigation school
What were the accomplishments of Bartolomeu Dias?
First, one to round the tip of southern Africa and that opened up European and Asian trade routes. Portugal explorer.
What were the accomplishments of Vasco da Gama?
finds a route to India
What were the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus? Why were the voyages across the Atlantic and to India so significant?
Hit the motherlodad and finds americas (island of Hispaniola)
What were the accomplishments of Ferdinand Magellan?
His crew circumnavigates the world. Not him
What were the accomplishments of James Cook?
Sails for England, discovers new Zealand, Australia pacific islands.
Describe Portuguese Trading posts.
Had men supplies and gunpowder for controlling trade.
How did Portugal “control” maritime trade?
Pretty much had the Indian ocean basin to selves
Where did the English and Dutch (the Netherlands) set up trading post empires?
Along the coast of Africa, the southern tip of India, and many of the islands that make up Indonesia.
What are joint-stock companies?
A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company’s stock can be bought and sold by shareholders.
How were joint-stock companies an economic change from what was
previously held regarding trade in this area?
How did joint-stock companies encourage commercial growth?
Geographically, where do the Spanish go? Who was there before the Spanish arrived and what did the Spanish do to these people?
Went to the Philippines.
What economic and social changes did the Spanish make in these areas?
Geographically, where did the Dutch go? How did the the Dutch change trade in this area?
South Africa
How did global competition increase conflict? How did the economic (economy?) turn political? Be specific in your descriptions
What was the cause of the Seven Year War? Be specific
The war was driven by the commercial and imperial rivalry between Britain and France, and by the antagonism between Prussia (allied to Britain) and Austria (allied to France).
What was the effect of the Seven Year War? Be specific
The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war’s expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.
Who was the “real” winner of the Seven Year War? Why?
Great Britain, because they get all the land.
Give an overall description of the Columbia Exchange
Biological change of agriculture and animals from old to a new world.
With regard to the Columbian Exchange, what goods were exchanged? Think Old World goods to the New World & New World goods to the Old World
Transported plants, animals, diseases, technologies, and people from one continent to another.
How did diseases from the Columbian Exchange affect the New World? How did these diseases affect the population?
It was very deadly from new diseases coming in contact with people who had never had these before. Lowered the population but strengthened it in the end.
How did the Columbia Exchange involve migration, both voluntary migration and involuntary migration?
Involuntary migration is called African Diaspora. These were slaves forced to go to the Americas for labor purposes. Voluntary migration are people who just wanted t go to the Americas because they wanted to change.
Explain Transoceanic Trade and it’s significance in global trade
Trade route included communication between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean-slaves, sugar, rum, tobacco etc.
What were the Manila Galleons and what was their significance in global trade?
Massive ships that carry heavy weights like silver.
What were the environmental effects of global trade?
Made peasants and slaves mine for silver and then that is transported on Manila Galleons.
