Ch 20 Medieval Europe Flashcards
Who was Otto I?
King in Northern Germany
What was Otto I’s church and state connections?
He aided the church; the pope liked that, so he proclaimed him emperor
What was the Investiture controversy about?
Over the appointment of church officials
What was the practice of lay investiture?
The selection and installation of church officials by lay rulers such as the emperors.
How did the investiture controversy affect Henry IV? (spiritual blackmail)
Gregory excommunicated him and released his subjects from there duties to obey them. This caused German princes to rebel against the emperor.
What was the church and state controversy with regard to Frederick Barbarossa?
he wanted to control and to build a powerful state, but the popes forced him to relinquish his rights. Once again, papal policies stopped Roman Empire from becoming powerful.
How is the Holy Roman Empire not holy, not Roman or not an empire?
It was a really religious state ruling Germany. Never restored imperial unity to Western Europe
Explain France monarchy especially with regard to Capetian Kings
Started out slow, appointed a king, and slowly gained resources and power through generations, to have authority over France.
Explain the background of England’s monarchy?
didn’t want conflict at first, and were small. quickly built discipline military and emerged as prominent political and military leaders
What was the significance of the Battle of Hastings (1066)?
Duke William of Normandy invaded England and succeeded. Maintained order and alright gov.
What did the French and English monarchies have in common?
Both grew to have centralized and powerful gov.
What differences did the French and English monarchies have?
The founders of English were Vikings. The founders of France were lords of France before.
Christians and Muslims in Iberia description?
Christians ended up controlling the Iberia kingdom of Naples.
What is land clearing?
Serfs and monks cleared forests due to population pressures.
What are the agricultural techniques used?
Increased bean production, dug ponds, and put fish in (these lead to good diets) also kept more domestic animals which enriched the soil. (poop)
New tools and technology?
Horseshoe: helped horses trample through tough soil. Horse colors: helped horses carry heavy loads on back.
Types of new foods?
Meat, diary products, fish, vegetables, and legumes, such as beans and peas.
What was the effect of this?
RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
Why are peasants moving to towns?
There are more supplies and food
What happens to textile production?
It booms because the towns and cities bring labor production.
Who was St. Thomas Aquinas?
St. Thomas Aquinas was the greatest of the Scholastic philosophers. He produced a comprehensive synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy that influenced Roman Catholic doctrine for centuries and was adopted as the official philosophy of the church in 1917
What does Aristotle have to do with Scholasticism?
The monk dudes were trying to reconcile Christianity with Artistotle’s philosophy and logical reasonings.
Describe how the Catholic religion evolves as it becomes more popular.
Roman Catholicism started with a great schism, but as it grew in popularity, the Catholics become very structured. For example they have very rigid church services where they wave a golden lamp with smoke, chant, say hail mary’s, do the cross symbol, and act like idiots.
Where is Vinland?
Vinland, the land of wild grapes in North America that was visited and named by Leif Eriksson about the year 1000 ce. Its exact location is not known, but it was probably the area surrounding the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in what is now eastern Canada.
Who was Leif Ericcson
Leif was a badass Norse explorer (aka Viking) who is thought to have been the first European to have set foot on continental North America, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus. According to the sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, which is usually interpreted as being coastal North America.
Who was Pope Urban II? What did he call for and why?
He was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States. He is best known for convening the Council of Clermont which served as the catalyst for the Crusades. Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”
What was the underlying reason for the crusades?
Their objectives were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land in the eastern Mediterranean, to conquer pagan areas, and to recapture formerly Christian territories; they were seen by many of their participants as a means of redemption and expiation for sins.
