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Disease Mechanisms > Ch 23: Breast > Flashcards

Ch 23: Breast Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common and deadly malignancy of women globally

A

breast carcinoma

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2
Q

at what age does your incidence for getting breast carcinoma go up

A

after 30 years of age

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3
Q

what are the three major groups of breast carcinoma

A

luminal
HER2
TNBC

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4
Q

what is the luminal type of carcinoma of the breast

A

is ER positive and HER2 negative

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5
Q

what is the HER2 type of carcinoma of the breast

A

over expression of HER2 and either ER positive or negative

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6
Q

what is the TNBC type of carcinoma of the breast

A

ER, HER2, and PR negative

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7
Q

who is most at risk for the luminal type of carcinoma of the breast

A

men and older women

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8
Q

who is most are risk for the HER2 type of carcinoma of the breast

A

young women and non-white people

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9
Q

who is most at risk for the TNBC type of carcinoma of the breast

A

young, premenopausal women
african americans
hispanic women

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10
Q

what are some risk factors of carcinoma of the breast

A

being female
old age
excess estrogen
genetics
environmental (radiation)
lifestyle (excess alcohol)

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11
Q

which two things help to decrease the risk for breast carcinoma

A

pregnancy before 20
prolonged breast feeding

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12
Q

what causes breast cancer

A

mutations in epithelial cells caused by hormones

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13
Q

what are the two types of breast cancer (inheritance speaking)

A

sporadic
familial

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14
Q

what are the two sporadic risk factors of breast cancer

A

estrogen stimulation and age

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15
Q

what causes dominant familial breast cancer

A

inherited, susceptible genes go through a loss of function

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16
Q

which two genes are most responsible for single gene familial breast cancer

A

BRCA1 and BRCA 2

17
Q

what do BRCA1 and BRCA 2 do for DNA

A

repair DNA breaks

18
Q

what are three features of breast cancer caused by mutations of the BRCA1 gene

A

increased risk of ovarian cancer
poorly differntiated
mostly TNBC type

19
Q

what are the three features of breast cancer caused by mutations of the BRCA2 gene

A

increased risk of male breast cancer
poorly differentiated
mostly ER positive

20
Q

what are three genes associated with germline mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer

A

TP52
PTEN
STK11

21
Q

what is the most common type of breast carcinoma

A

adenocarcinoma

22
Q

what are the two types of adenocarcinoma of the breast

A

carcinoma in situ
invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma

23
Q

what are the two types of adenocarcinoma in situ of the breast

A

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

24
Q

what are the two types of invasive (infiltrating) adenocarcinoma of the breast

A

invasive ductal carcinoma
invasive lobular carcinoma

Disease Mechanisms (19 decks)

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