Ch 23: Breast Flashcards
what is the most common and deadly malignancy of women globally
breast carcinoma
at what age does your incidence for getting breast carcinoma go up
after 30 years of age
what are the three major groups of breast carcinoma
luminal
HER2
TNBC
what is the luminal type of carcinoma of the breast
is ER positive and HER2 negative
what is the HER2 type of carcinoma of the breast
over expression of HER2 and either ER positive or negative
what is the TNBC type of carcinoma of the breast
ER, HER2, and PR negative
who is most at risk for the luminal type of carcinoma of the breast
men and older women
who is most are risk for the HER2 type of carcinoma of the breast
young women and non-white people
who is most at risk for the TNBC type of carcinoma of the breast
young, premenopausal women
african americans
hispanic women
what are some risk factors of carcinoma of the breast
being female
old age
excess estrogen
genetics
environmental (radiation)
lifestyle (excess alcohol)
which two things help to decrease the risk for breast carcinoma
pregnancy before 20
prolonged breast feeding
what causes breast cancer
mutations in epithelial cells caused by hormones
what are the two types of breast cancer (inheritance speaking)
sporadic
familial
what are the two sporadic risk factors of breast cancer
estrogen stimulation and age
what causes dominant familial breast cancer
inherited, susceptible genes go through a loss of function
which two genes are most responsible for single gene familial breast cancer
BRCA1 and BRCA 2
what do BRCA1 and BRCA 2 do for DNA
repair DNA breaks
what are three features of breast cancer caused by mutations of the BRCA1 gene
increased risk of ovarian cancer
poorly differntiated
mostly TNBC type
what are the three features of breast cancer caused by mutations of the BRCA2 gene
increased risk of male breast cancer
poorly differentiated
mostly ER positive
what are three genes associated with germline mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer
TP52
PTEN
STK11
what is the most common type of breast carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
what are the two types of adenocarcinoma of the breast
carcinoma in situ
invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma
what are the two types of adenocarcinoma in situ of the breast
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
what are the two types of invasive (infiltrating) adenocarcinoma of the breast
invasive ductal carcinoma
invasive lobular carcinoma
