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Physical assessment FINAL REVIEW > Ch. 22 :musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Ch. 22 :musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

joints

A

+nonsynovial (immovable) and synovial joints (freely movable)

+cartilage: cushions bones and gives smooth surface to facilitate movement

+ligament: run from one bone to another. strengthen the joint and prevent undesirable direaction of movement

+bursa: enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid. helps muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone

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2
Q

muscles

A

+account for 40-50% of body’s weight
+skeletal muscles
-Fasciculi- bundles of muscle fibers
-tendon- strong fibrous cord which attaches to bone
-skeletal muscle movements (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, inversion/eversion, protraction/retraction, rotation, elevation/depression, pronation/supnation, circumfrence)

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3
Q

Tempoormandiubular joint (structure)

A

articulation of mandible and temporal bones

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4
Q

spine (structure)

A 
\+vertebra- 33 connecting bones
  -7 cervical
  -12 toracic
  -5 lumbar
  -5 sacral
  -3-4 coccygeal vertebrae
\+intervetebral disks
\+landmarks: T1, C7, T7,T8,T12,L1,L4,S2 and scapula
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5
Q

shoulder (structure)

A
  • glenohumeral joint
  • rotator cuff
  • subacromial bursa
  • acromion process
  • greater tubercle of the humerus
  • coracoid process
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6
Q

Elbow (structure)

A
  • 3 bony articulations of the humerus, radius, and ulna
  • medial and lateral epicondyles
  • olecranon process of ulna
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7
Q

wrist and carpals (structure)

A
  • radiocarpal join
  • midcarpal joint
  • metacarpophalangeal joints
  • interphalangeal joints
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8
Q

Hip

A
  • acetabulum and head of femur
  • anterior superioir iliac spine
  • ischial tuberosity
  • greater trochanter of femur
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9
Q

Knee

A
  • femur, tibia, and patella
  • suprapatella pouch
  • medial and lateral menisci
  • cruciate ligaments
  • prepatella bursa
  • quadriceps muscle
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10
Q

ankle and foot

A
  • tibiotala joint
  • medial and lateral malleolus
  • metatarsals
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11
Q

dev. care

A

+growth plates closure @ age 20

+lordons: lower back arches

+good for bones bone: dark green leafy. beans. almonds

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12
Q

obj. data

A

-preperation:
+screening musculoskeletal exam: for most people, normal screening. inspection and palpation of joints integrated and ROM

+complete musculoskeletal exam: appropriate for a persons with articular disease, a history of musculoskelteal symptoms, or any problems with ADLs

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13
Q

Oder of exam

A

+inspect: size, contour of joint, skin, tissue over joint for color, swelling, massses, or deformity

+palpate: skin temp., muscles, bony articulations, area of joint capsules

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14
Q

Range of motion

A

active/passive

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15
Q

muscles testing

A
  • apply opposing force

- grading muscle strength

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16
Q

temporomandibular joint (jaw)

A
  • inspect joint area
  • palpate as person opens mouth

-motion and expected range
+open mouth maximally, protrude lower jaw and move side to side
+stick our lower jaw

-palpate muscles of mastication

17
Q

Cervical spine

A
  • inspect alignment of head and neck
  • palpate spinous processes and muscles
  • motion and exepcted range: chin to chest, lift chin, each ear to shoulders, turn chin to each shoulder
18
Q

shoulders

A
  • inspect joint
  • palpate shoulders and axilla

-motion and expected range:
+arms forward and up, arms behind back and hands up, arms to sides and up over head, touch hands behind head

19
Q

elbow

A
  • inspect joint in flexed and extended positions
  • palpate joint and bony prominences

-motion and expected range
+bend and straighten elbow
+pronate and supinate hand

20
Q

Wrist and hands

A
  • inspect joints and dorsal and palmar sides
  • palpate each joint
    -motion and expected range
    +bend hand up, down
    +bend fingers up and down
    + turn hands out and in
    +spread fingers, make fist
    + touch thumb to each finger
21
Q

Phalen’s test

A

asking person to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees. normal hand should produces acure flexion of wrist for 60 seconds

22
Q

tinel sign

A

= direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at the wrist produces no symptoms in the normal hand

23
Q

Bulge sign

A

+ swelling in suprapatellar pouch (fluid)

+small amounts of effusion 4-8 ml, from fluid flowing across the joint

24
Q

McMurray’s test

A

test is performed when person has reported history of trauma followed by locking, giving way, or local pain in the knee

+ If a “click” is heard, test is positive

25
Q

Ch. 27 &28: Sequence of head to toe exam

A
  • health history
  • general appearance
  • measurement
  • neurologic system
  • respiratory system
  • cardiovascular system
  • skin
  • abdomen
  • genitourinary
  • activity

Physical assessment FINAL REVIEW (17 decks)

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