Ch. 18 Lungs thorax Flashcards
1
Q
Thoracic cage (structure)
A
- sternum
- 12 pairs of ribs
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- diaphragm
2
Q
anterioir thoracic landmarks
A
- suprasternal
- sternum
- manubriosternal angle
- costal angle
3
Q
Posterioir thoracic landmarks
A
- vertebrae prominens
- spinous processes
- inferior border of scapula
- twelfth rib
4
Q
reference lines
A
- midsternal line
- mid clavicular line
- scapular line
- vertebral line
- anterioir, posterior, midaxillary lines
5
Q
thoracic cavity
A
-medistinuum defined
+ middle part of thoracic
-lobes of the lungs
+right lung is smaller (3)
+ left libe is slightly narrower (2 lobes)
+ anterior, posterior, lateral
-pleurae: envelope between left lung and right lung
6
Q
Landmarks
A
- RUL: 4th rib
- RML: 5th rib midaxillary line
- RLL: right oblique fissure
- LUL: left oblique fissure
- LLL: 6th rib midclavicular line
posterior:
+LUL- oblique fissure & T3
ENDS- T10
diaphragm- T12
7
Q
Trachea
A
- 10-11 CM long
- Chricoid cartiledge in the neck
- trachra bifercates (angle of louie)
- posterioirly happens around t4-t5
- location of trachea and bronchi
+ right is shorter and longer than the left - dead space
- function of acinus
8
Q
4 major functions of the respiratory system
A
- Supply oxygen to the body
- Remove excess carbon dioxide
- Maintain homeostasis of arterial blood
- Maintain heat exchange (less important in humans)
9
Q
dev. care
A
+Fetal
- 5 weeks: developing
- 16 week: close to adult lung
- Does not function until birth
+Pregnancy
- Diaphragm rises
- Shortness of breath
- Mother has an increased tittle volume
- Estrogen relaxes thoracic cage
+Aging Adult
- Respiratory muscle -strength declines up until the 70s
- Elastic part is also decreasing
- Loose avioli
- Vertibrul collapsing
10
Q
predominant note over lung fields
A
- Resonant: low pitch hallow sound
- hyperesonant: booming sound
- tympany: drum
- dull: thud
- Flat sound: softer
11
Q
breath sounds
A
- bronchial= High & loud/ during expiration/ trachea and larynx
- bronchovesicular = moderate/ inspiration and expiration/ upper sternum
- vesicular breath sounds= Low and soft/ inspiration/ lungs
12
Q
adventitious sounds
A
- crackles
- wheeze
- atelactatic crackles
13
Q
Voice sounds
A
- bronchophony
- egophony
- whispered pectoriloquy
14
Q
measurement of pulmonary function status
A
- forced expiratory time
- pulse oximeter
- 6-minute distance walk
