ch. 19 heart and neck vessels Flashcards
diastole
- ventricle is relaxed and heart fills
- AV valves are open (S2-S1)
Systole
- heart is contracted
- AV valves are closed (S1-S2)
- first heart sound
S3
- extra heart sound.
- will be heard sometimes
- vibration of the ventricle that resists the early rapid filling of the ventricle, immediatly after S2
S4
- Vibrations of the ventricles when the atrium contracts and pushes the blood into a non-compliant ventricle
- heard at the end of diastole and presystole
murmurs
- turbulent blood flow, collision currents
- blowing swooshing sound
Condition resulting in murmurs
- velocity of blood flow in murmurs
- viscosity of blood decreases
- structural defects in valves or opening in chambers
Heart sounds are described by?
- Frequency (pitch)
- Intensity (loudness)
- Duration (short)
- Timing (systole or diastole
Conduction
the heart contracts because of electrical currents. currents begin in the SA node
Pumping ability
4-6 liters p/m
cardiac output
SV x # of beats per min.
preload
venous return that builds during diastole. length in which ventriular muscle can be stretched
Afterload
opposing pressure the ventricle must generate to open the aortic valve against the higher aortic pressure
dev. care
-70% of women say flu like symptoms
-aging adult
+blood pressure increases, systolic usually elevates, stiffening of the arteries, arrhythmia increases with age
+ decreased output of the heart
foramen ovale
+closes shortly after birth (fetal circulation)
+heart function starts at about 3 weeks of pregnancy
+2/3rds of blood is pumped through aorta
Ductus arteriosus
- remaining third, out through the pulmonary artery and detoured straight to the aorta
- closes about 10-15 min after birth
