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PsychBio > CH 2.2 Key Terms > Flashcards

CH 2.2 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

2-AG (sn-2 arachidonylglycerol)

A

chemical that binds to cannabinoid receptors

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2
Q

Acetylcholine

A

a chemical similar to an amino acid, except that it includes an group instead of an , group

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3
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine into acetate and choline

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4
Q

Amino Acids

A

acids containing an amine group (NH2)

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5
Q

Amphetamine

A

a drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters

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6
Q

Anandamide

A

endogenous chemical that binds to cannabinoid receptors

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7
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

portion of the pituitary gland, composed of glandular tissue

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8
Q

Autoreceptors

A

receptor on a presynaptic neuron that responds to the released transmitter by inhibiting further release of it

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9
Q

Cocaine

A

a drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine

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10
Q

COMT(catechol-o-methyltransferase)

A

enzyme that breaks down excess dopamine into inactive chemicals that cannot stimulate the dopamine receptors

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11
Q

Endocrine (hormone-producing) glands

A

hormone-producing glands

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12
Q

Exocytosis

A

a release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft

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13
Q

Gap Junction

A

a direct contact of one neuron with another, enabling electrical transmission

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14
Q

G Protein

A

a protein coupled to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an energy-storing molecule

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15
Q

Gases

A

one of the categories of neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide and possibly others

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16
Q

Hallucinogenic Drugs

A

drugs that distort perception

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17
Q

Hormone

A

chemical that is secreted by cells in one part of the body and conveyed by the blood to influence other cells

18
Q

Ionotropic effects

A

synaptic effects that depend on the rapid opening of some kind of gate in the membrane

19
Q

Ligand-Hated

A

channel that opens when a neurotransmitter attaches

20
Q

MAO

A

enzyme that converts catecholamines and serotonin into synaptically inactive chemicals MAOIs. See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

21
Q

Metabotropic effects

A

a sequence of metabolic reactions that produce slow and long-lasting effects at a synapse

22
Q

Methylphenidate

A

stimulant drug prescribed for ADHD that increases the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron

23
Q

Monoamines

A

chemicals formed by a change in certain amino acids

24
Q

Neuromodulators

A

chains of amino acids

25
Q

Neuropeptides

A

chains of amino acids

26
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons

27
Q

Nicotine

A

a stimulant drug that stimulates certain acetylcholine receptors

28
Q

Nitric Oxide

A

a gas released by many small local neurons

29
Q

Opiate Drugs

A

drugs derived from the opium poppy

30
Q

Oxytocin

A

hormone released by posterior pituitary; important for sexual and parental behaviors

31
Q

Peptide Hormones

A

hormones composed of short chains of amino acids

32
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

an endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus

33
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

portion of the pituitary gland, which releases hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus

34
Q

Protein Hormones

A

hormones composed of long chains of amino acids

35
Q

Purines

A

a category of chemicals including adenosine and several of its derivatives

36
Q

Releasing Hormones

A

hormone released by the hypothalamus that flows to the anterior pituitary

37
Q

Reuptake

A

reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal

38
Q

Second Messenger

A

a chemical that, when activated by a neurotransmitter, initiates communication to many areas within the neuron

39
Q

Transmitter-Gated

A

ion channel that opens temporarily when a neurotransmitter binds to it

40
Q

Transporters

A

special membrane protein that moves the neurotransmitter back into the presynaptic neuron

41
Q

Vasopressin

(antidiuretic hormone) hormone

A

released by posterior pituitary; raises blood pressure and enables kidneys to conserve water

42
Q

Vesicles

A

tiny nearly spherical packets filled with neurotransmitter molecules

PsychBio (27 decks)

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