CH 1.1 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Active Transport

A

A protein-mediated process that expends energy to enable a molecule to cross a membrane

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2
Q

Afferent Axon

A

Axon that brings information into a structure

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3
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-shapes glia that synchronizes the activity of the axons

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4
Q

Axon

A

Thin Fiber of constant diameter; The neuron’s information sender

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5
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

Mechanism that excludes most chemicals from the brain

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6
Q

Cell Body, or Soma

A

Structure containing the nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching fibers from a neuron that receive information from other neurons

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8
Q

Dendritic Spines

A

Short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses

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9
Q

Efferent Axon

A

Neuron that carries information away from the structure

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10
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations

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11
Q

Glia

A

Type of cell in the nervous system that, in contrast to neurons, does not conduct impulses over long distances

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12
Q

Glucose

A

A simple sugar

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13
Q

Interneuron

A

Neuron whose axons and dendrites are all confined within a given structure

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14
Q

Intrinsic neuron

A

Neuron whose axons and dendrites are all confined within a given structure

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15
Q

Membrane

A

Structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

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16
Q

Microglia

A

Cell that removes waste material and other microorganisms from the nervous system

17
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Structure that performs metabolic activities

18
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Neuron that relieves excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses to a muscle

19
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulating material that covers vertebrate axon

20
Q

Neurons

A

Cell that receive information and transmit it to other cells

21
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Interruptions in the myelin sheath of vertebrate axons

22
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure that contains the chromosomes

23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Glia cells that build myelin sheaths

24
Q

Presynaptic Terminal

A

(End bulb or bouton) point where an axon releases chemicals

25
Radial Glia
Cells that guide the migration of neurons and the growth of axons and dendrites during embryological development
26
Ribosomes
Sites for cell synthization of new protein molecules Ritalin.
27
Schwann Cells
Glia cells that build myelin sheaths
28
Sensory Neuron
Neuron that is highly sensitive to a specific type of stimulation
29
Thiamine
B1 vitamin, necessary to use glucose