ch 21 Flashcards
The term ___ refers to a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, brought on by excessive excitability of neurons in the brain
epilepsy
general term that applies to all types of epileptic events
seizure
Seizures are initiated by synchronous, high frequency discharge form a group of hyperexcitable neurons called a
focus
what type of seizures undergo a very limited spread to adjacent cortical areas beyond the focus
partial seizures (focal)
what type of seizures does focal seizure activity conducted widely throughout both hemispheres
generalized
olfactory hallucinations are what kind of seizure
simple partial
twitching thumb what kind of seizure
simple parital
what type of seizure has no loss of consciousness
simple partial
what kind of symptoms for simple partial
discrete motor
sensory (local numbness, auditory, visual or olfactory hallucinations)
autonomic - nausea, flushing, salivation, urinary incontinency
psychoillusory symptoms - feelings of unreality, fear or depression
what kind of seizures have impaired consciousness or lack of responsiveness, become motionless and stares with a fixed gaze followed by automatism
complex partial
pt performs repetitive purposeless movements such as lip smacking or hand wringing, lasts 45-90 sec following a complex partial seizure
automatism
this seizure type begin as simple or complex partial seizures and then evolve into generalized tonic clonic seizures. Consciousness is lost.
secondarily generalized seizures
seizure with major convulsions,
tonic clonic
what phase is characterized by a period of muscle rigidity
tonic phase
phase characterized by synchronous muscle jerks
clonic phase
Tonic-clonic seizures often cause _____ but not ______
urination
defecation
what type of seizure is followed by postictal state
tonic clonic
characterized by LOC for a brief time (10-30 seconds)
mild symmetrical motor activity but can also be without the motor activity. May experience hundreds a day. primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years
Absence seizures (petit Mal)
these seizures are characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone such as head drop or drop attack
atonic seizures
these seizures consist of sudden muscle contraction that lasts for just 1 second.
myoclonic seizures
seizure that lasts for 1 sec but limited to 1 limb of sudden muscle contraction
focal myoclonus
seizure that lasts for 1 second but involve the entire body of sudden muscle contraction
massive myoclonus
seizure that lasts for 15-30 min or longer. medical emergency
Status Epilepticus
what age is febrile seizures most common
6 mos - 5 years