Ch 20

Question 1

What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solutions react?

a. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and square bonds
b. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and hydrogen bonds
c. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and oxygen
d. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds

Answer 1

d. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds

Question 2

Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?

a. Amino acids
b. Peptide bonds
c. Polypeptide chains
d. Keratin proteins

Answer 2

a. Amino acids

Question 3

Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains,
to form a polypeptide chain? 
a.  Amino acids
b.  Peptide bonds 
c.  Polypeptide chains 
d.  Keratin proteins

Answer 3

b. Peptide bonds

Question 4

What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?

a. Amino acids
b. Peptide bonds
c. Polypeptide chains
d. Keratin proteins

Answer 4

d. Keratin proteins

Question 5

The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side
bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are _____.
a. disulfide, trisulfide, and hydrogen
b. disulfide, salt, and hydrogen
c. disulfide, salt, and oxygen
d. disulfide, chlorine, and hydrogen

Answer 5

b. disulfide, salt, and hydrogen

Question 6

What chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together?

a. Disulfide bonds
b. Peptide bonds
c. Keratin bonds
d. Amino acids

Answer 6

a. Disulfide bonds

Question 7

Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative
and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in pH?
a. Disulfide bonds
b. Salt bonds
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Keratin proteins

Answer 7

b. Salt bonds

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and
positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is _____.
a. stretched
b. dried
c. softened
d. styled

Answer 8

b. dried

Question 9

In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of _____.

a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. sodium
d. carbon

Answer 9

a. hydrogen

Question 10

What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?

a. Ammonia water
b. Hydrogen peroxide
c. Thioglycolic acids
d. Hydrogen acids

Answer 10

c. Thioglycolic acids

Question 11

The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is _____.

a. ammonium thioglycolate
b. hydrogen thioglycolate
c. alkaline acids
d. glyceryl monothioglycolate

Answer 11

a. ammonium thioglycolate

Question 12

What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?

a. Ammonium thioglycolate
b. Degree of alkalinity
c. Amount used
d. Length of the hair

Answer 12

b. Degree of alkalinity

Question 13

What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?

a. Glyceryl monothioglycolate
b. Ammonium thioglycolic
c. Sodium hydroxide
d. Sodium hydrochloride

Answer 13

a. Glyceryl monothioglycolate

Question 14

Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between _____.

a. 5.5 and 6.5
b. 7.8 and 8.2
c. 9.0 and 10.0
d. 10.1 and 10.5

Answer 14

b. 7.8 and 8.2

Question 15

Modern acid waves are actually \_\_\_\_\_ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral
pH.
a.  weaker 
b.  stronger 
c.  acid-balanced 
d.  alkaline-balanced

Answer 15

c. acid-balanced

Question 16

Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer, are
\_\_\_\_\_ waves. 
a.  stabilized 
b.  endothermic 
c.  exothermic 
d.  acid

Answer 16

b. endothermic

Question 17

It is important for stylists to remember that ammonia-free does not necessarily mean _____.

a. acid-free
b. heat-free
c. odor-free
d. damage-free

Answer 17

d. damage-free

Question 18

_____ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually
marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
a. Endothermic
b. Exothermic
c. Ammonia-free
d. Low-pH

Answer 18

d. Low-pH

Question 19

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair,
within the first \_\_\_\_\_. 
a.  5–10 minutes 
b.  10–15 minutes 
c.  15–20 minutes 
d.  hour

Answer 19

a. 5–10 minutes

Question 20

Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become _____ and cause further damage, including

breakage.
a. shorter
b. straighter
c. curlier
d. tinted

Answer 20

b. straighter

Question 21

What is the most common neutralizer?

a. Sodium chloride
b. Chlorine
c. Hydrogen peroxide
d. Oxygen

Answer 21

c. Hydrogen peroxide

Question 22

What is the most common type of perm rod?

a. Straight rods
b. Curved rods
c. Soft bender rods
d. Concave rods

Answer 22

d. Concave rods

Question 23

What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?

a. Convex rods
b. Straight rods
c. Conventional rods
d. Spiral rods

Answer 23

b. Straight rods

Question 24

The _____ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.

a. single flat wrap
b. double flat wrap
c. bookend wrap
d. spiral wrap

Answer 24

a. single flat wrap

Question 25

\_\_\_\_ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at
which the hair is wrapped. 
a.  Base wrapping 
b.  Base placement 
c.  Base direction 
d.  Base sections

Answer 25

b. Base placement

Question 26

_____ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.

a. Base placement
b. On-base placement
c. Half off-base placement
d. Off-base placement

Answer 26

c. Half off-base placement

Question 27

The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as _____.

a. wrapping point
b. rod direction
c. diagonal technique
d. base direction

Answer 27

d. base direction

Question 28

The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are _____.

a. flat and spiral
b. croquignole and even
c. spiral and perpendicular
d. croquignole and spiral

Answer 28

d. croquignole and spiral

Question 29

_____ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing.

a. Permanent waving
b. Heat styling
c. Japanese thermal straighteners
d. Chinese thermal straighteners

Answer 29

c. Japanese thermal straighteners

Question 30

What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers?

a. Hydrogen ion
b. Keratin ion
c. Peroxide ion
d. Lithium ion

Answer 30

a. Hydrogen ion

Question 31

Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing?

a. Neutralizing relaxers
b. Metal hydroxide relaxers
c. Guanidine hydroxide relaxers
d. Calcium hydroxide relaxers

Answer 31

b. Metal hydroxide relaxers

Question 32

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called _____.

a. metal relaxers
b. no-lye relaxers
c. lye relaxers
d. medium relaxers

Answer 32

c. lye relaxers

Question 33

Which of the following are relaxers often marketed and sold as no mix–no lye relaxers?

a. Potassium hydroxide relaxers
b. Sodium hydroxide relaxers
c. Ammonium thio relaxers
d. Guanidine hydroxide relaxers

Answer 33

a. Potassium hydroxide relaxers

Question 34

Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are _____.

a. guanidine hydroxide relaxers
b. ammonium thioglycolate
c. no-lye relaxers
d. potassium hydroxide relaxers

Answer 34

a. guanidine hydroxide relaxers

Question 35

What is a hydroxide relaxer that does not require the application of a protective base?

a. No-base relaxer
b. Base cream relaxer
c. Cream relaxer
d. Metal hydroxide relaxer

Answer 35

a. No-base relaxer

Question 36

The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of
\_\_\_\_\_. 
a.  lanthionization 
b.  hydroxide 
c.  ammonia 
d.  coatings

Answer 36

b. hydroxide

Question 37

Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair’s natural pH and should be used after a
hydroxide relaxer? 
a.  Lanthionization solution 
b.  Natural lotion 
c.  Swelling cream 
d.  Normalizing lotion

Answer 37

d. Normalizing lotion