Ch 20 Flashcards
What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solutions react?
a. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and square bonds
b. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and hydrogen bonds
c. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and oxygen
d. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds
d. Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds
Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?
a. Amino acids
b. Peptide bonds
c. Polypeptide chains
d. Keratin proteins
a. Amino acids
Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain? a. Amino acids b. Peptide bonds c. Polypeptide chains d. Keratin proteins
b. Peptide bonds
What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?
a. Amino acids
b. Peptide bonds
c. Polypeptide chains
d. Keratin proteins
d. Keratin proteins
The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side
bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are _____.
a. disulfide, trisulfide, and hydrogen
b. disulfide, salt, and hydrogen
c. disulfide, salt, and oxygen
d. disulfide, chlorine, and hydrogen
b. disulfide, salt, and hydrogen
What chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together?
a. Disulfide bonds
b. Peptide bonds
c. Keratin bonds
d. Amino acids
a. Disulfide bonds
Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative
and positive electrical charges, and are easily broken by changes in pH?
a. Disulfide bonds
b. Salt bonds
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Keratin proteins
b. Salt bonds
Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and
positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is _____.
a. stretched
b. dried
c. softened
d. styled
b. dried
In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of _____.
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. sodium
d. carbon
a. hydrogen
What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?
a. Ammonia water
b. Hydrogen peroxide
c. Thioglycolic acids
d. Hydrogen acids
c. Thioglycolic acids
The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is _____.
a. ammonium thioglycolate
b. hydrogen thioglycolate
c. alkaline acids
d. glyceryl monothioglycolate
a. ammonium thioglycolate
What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?
a. Ammonium thioglycolate
b. Degree of alkalinity
c. Amount used
d. Length of the hair
b. Degree of alkalinity
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?
a. Glyceryl monothioglycolate
b. Ammonium thioglycolic
c. Sodium hydroxide
d. Sodium hydrochloride
a. Glyceryl monothioglycolate
Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between _____.
a. 5.5 and 6.5
b. 7.8 and 8.2
c. 9.0 and 10.0
d. 10.1 and 10.5
b. 7.8 and 8.2
Modern acid waves are actually \_\_\_\_\_ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH. a. weaker b. stronger c. acid-balanced d. alkaline-balanced
c. acid-balanced
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer, are \_\_\_\_\_ waves. a. stabilized b. endothermic c. exothermic d. acid
b. endothermic
It is important for stylists to remember that ammonia-free does not necessarily mean _____.
a. acid-free
b. heat-free
c. odor-free
d. damage-free
d. damage-free
_____ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually
marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
a. Endothermic
b. Exothermic
c. Ammonia-free
d. Low-pH
d. Low-pH
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first \_\_\_\_\_. a. 5–10 minutes b. 10–15 minutes c. 15–20 minutes d. hour
a. 5–10 minutes
Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become _____ and cause further damage, including
breakage.
a. shorter
b. straighter
c. curlier
d. tinted
b. straighter
What is the most common neutralizer?
a. Sodium chloride
b. Chlorine
c. Hydrogen peroxide
d. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen peroxide
What is the most common type of perm rod?
a. Straight rods
b. Curved rods
c. Soft bender rods
d. Concave rods
d. Concave rods
What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
a. Convex rods
b. Straight rods
c. Conventional rods
d. Spiral rods
b. Straight rods
The _____ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.
a. single flat wrap
b. double flat wrap
c. bookend wrap
d. spiral wrap
a. single flat wrap
\_\_\_\_ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped. a. Base wrapping b. Base placement c. Base direction d. Base sections
b. Base placement
_____ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
a. Base placement
b. On-base placement
c. Half off-base placement
d. Off-base placement
c. Half off-base placement
The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as _____.
a. wrapping point
b. rod direction
c. diagonal technique
d. base direction
d. base direction
The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are _____.
a. flat and spiral
b. croquignole and even
c. spiral and perpendicular
d. croquignole and spiral
d. croquignole and spiral
_____ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing.
a. Permanent waving
b. Heat styling
c. Japanese thermal straighteners
d. Chinese thermal straighteners
c. Japanese thermal straighteners
What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers?
a. Hydrogen ion
b. Keratin ion
c. Peroxide ion
d. Lithium ion
a. Hydrogen ion
Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing?
a. Neutralizing relaxers
b. Metal hydroxide relaxers
c. Guanidine hydroxide relaxers
d. Calcium hydroxide relaxers
b. Metal hydroxide relaxers
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called _____.
a. metal relaxers
b. no-lye relaxers
c. lye relaxers
d. medium relaxers
c. lye relaxers
Which of the following are relaxers often marketed and sold as no mix–no lye relaxers?
a. Potassium hydroxide relaxers
b. Sodium hydroxide relaxers
c. Ammonium thio relaxers
d. Guanidine hydroxide relaxers
a. Potassium hydroxide relaxers
Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are _____.
a. guanidine hydroxide relaxers
b. ammonium thioglycolate
c. no-lye relaxers
d. potassium hydroxide relaxers
a. guanidine hydroxide relaxers
What is a hydroxide relaxer that does not require the application of a protective base?
a. No-base relaxer
b. Base cream relaxer
c. Cream relaxer
d. Metal hydroxide relaxer
a. No-base relaxer
The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of \_\_\_\_\_. a. lanthionization b. hydroxide c. ammonia d. coatings
b. hydroxide
Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair’s natural pH and should be used after a hydroxide relaxer? a. Lanthionization solution b. Natural lotion c. Swelling cream d. Normalizing lotion
d. Normalizing lotion
