Ch. 2: Values, Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: The Manager as a Person

Question 1

What are personality traits?

Answer 1

Enduring tendencies to feel, think, and act in certain ways.

Question 2

What are the The Big Five personality traits?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is extraversion?

Answer 3

The tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and to feel good about oneself and the rest of the world.

Question 4

What is negative affectivity?

Answer 4

The tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, to feel distressed, and to be critical of oneself and others.

Question 5

What is agreeableness?

Answer 5

The tendency to get along well with other people.

Question 6

What is conscientiousness?

Answer 6

The tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering.

Question 7

What is openess to experience?

Answer 7

The tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring, and take risks.

Question 8

What is an internal locus of control?

Answer 8

The tendency to locate responsibility for one’s fate within oneself.

Question 9

What is an external locus of control?

Answer 9

The tendency to locate responsibility for one’s fate in outside forces and to believe one’s own behavior
has little impact on outcomes.

Question 10

What is self-esteem?

Answer 10

The degree to which individuals feel good about themselves and their capabilities.

Question 11

What is the need for achievement?

Answer 11

The extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence.

Question 12

What is the need for affiliation?

Answer 12

The extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having other people get along.

Question 13

What is the need for power?

Answer 13

The extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.

Question 14

What is terminal value?

Answer 14

A lifelong goal or objective that an individual seeks to achieve.

Question 15

What is instrumental value?

Answer 15

A mode of conduct that an individual seeks to follow.

Question 16

What are norms?

Answer 16

Unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization.

Question 17

What are value systems?

Answer 17

The terminal and instrumental values that are guiding principles in an individual’s life.

Question 18

What are some of the terminal and instrumental values?

Answer 18

Question 19

What is attitude?

Answer 19

A collection of feelings and beliefs.

Question 20

What is job satisfaction?

Answer 20

The collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs.

Question 21

What are organizational citizenship behaviours? (OCBs)

Answer 21

Behaviors that are not required of organizational members but that contribute to and are necessary for organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and competitive advantage.

Question 22

What is organizational commitment?

Answer 22

The collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organization as a whole.

Question 23

What is a mood?

Answer 23

A feeling or state of mind.

Question 24

What are emotions?

Answer 24

Intense, relatively short-lived feelings.

Question 25

What is emotional intelligence?

Answer 25

The ability to understand and manage one’s own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of other people.

Question 26

What is organizational culture?

Answer 26

The shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines that influence how individuals, groups, and teams interact with one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals.

Question 27

What is attraction– selection–attrition (ASA) framework?

Answer 27

A model that explains how personality may influence organizational culture. When founders hire employees for their new ventures, they tend to be attracted to and choose employees whose personalities are similar to their own. These similar employees are more likely to stay with the organization. Although employees who are dissimilar in personality might be hired, they are more likely to leave the organization over time

Question 28

What are factors that maintain and transmit organizational culture?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is organizational socialization?

Answer 29

The process by which newcomers learn an organization’s values and norms and acquire the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively.

Question 30

What are the 3 most important rites that organizations use to transmit cultural norms and values to their members?

Answer 30