Ch. 2 - Surface Anatomy Of Brain Flashcards
What are the 5 major subdivisions of the brain?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
The telencephalon becomes the _________
Cerebral hemispheres
What 5 structures are included in the diencephalon?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Subthalamus
- Epithalamus
- Optic Nerves
What 3 structures make up the mesencephalon?
- Basal crus cerebri
- Tegmentum
- Tectum
What 2 structures make up the metencephalon?
- Pons
2. Cerebellum
What makes up the myelencephalon?
Medulla oblongata
What 2 structures make up the cerebrum?
- Cerebral hemispheres
2. Diencephalon
What structure is supratentorial?
Cerebrum (I.e. cerebral hemisphere & diencephalon)
What 3 structures makes up the brain stem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
What cranial nerves come off the brain stem?
III - XII
The cerebral cortex gray, white matter, corpus striatum, corpus callous, anterior commissure, and amygdala are all part of what?
The cerebral hemispheres
Are sulci, fissures, and gyri gray or white matter?
Gray
Slit like grooves which marks the surface of the brain (not always consistent)
Sulcus
Larger, particularly deep and constant sulcus
Fissure
Raised row btw two sulci
Gyrus
Midline “interhemispheric” separates one hemisphere from the other
Longitudinal fissure
On lateral surface, extends posterior-sup form the basal surface
Lateral fissure of Sylvius
Vertical fissure separates frontal from parietal lobe
Central fissure of Rolando
What are the 6 lobes in the cerebrum?
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Central (insula) lobe
- Lambic lobe
Above lateral sulcus, anterior to the central sulcus
Frontal lobe
Above lateral sulcus, posterior to central sulcus, anterior to imaginary line
Parietal lobe
Posterior to imaginary line, the most posterior part of the cerebrum
Occipital lobe
Anterior to imaginary line, below the lateral sulcus
Temporal lobe
Deep cortex, concealed btw superior temporal lobe and inferior temporal lobe
Central (insular) lobe
Cortex seen in midline view, encircling the diencephalon
Limbic lobe
Massive commissure connecting R and L hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Small circular commissure connecting R and L hemispheres (Best seen in midline sagittal section or half brain)
Anterior commissure
Several groups of sub cortical nuclei
Basal Ganglia
What nucleus is —> Paired, lateral to the lateral ventricle
Caudate nucleus
The lenticular nucleus includes what 2 structures?
- Putamen
2. Globes Pallidus
What 2 structures make up the striatum?
- Putamen
2. Caudate
What 2 structures make up the corpus striatum?
- Caudate
2. Lenticular (lentiform)
What nucleus is located within the ventral thalamus?
Subthalamic nucleus
Where is the substantial nigra located?
Within the midbrain
The internal capsule is a massive bundle of nerve fibers connecting what?
- Subcortical nuclei to the cerebral cortex
2. Cerebral cortex to subcortical cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord
What is btw the caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus?
Anterior limb (caudatolenticular) of internal capsule
What is the portion btw the anterior and posterior limb /c an “elbow” bend
Genu of internal capsule
What is located btw the thalamus and lenticular nucleus?
Posterior limb of internal capsule (thalamolenticular)
What forms the roof of the diencephalon?
Epithalamus
What structure is ventral to the thalamus, close to the midline?
Hypothalamus
What structure is lateral to the hypothalamus?
Subthalamus
What 2 structures make up the midbrain?
- Tectum
2. Tegmentum
What structure is part of the midbrain and is dorsal to the aqueduct of sylvius?
Tectum
The superior and inferior collicli make up what structure?
Tectum
What structure is made up of nuclei and pathways ventral to the aqueduct of Sylvius and 4th ventricle?
Tegmentum
What structure is highly convoluted and is dorsal to the 4th ventricle, attached to the pons?
Cerebellum
