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Neuroanatomy > Ch. 2 - Meninges & Ventricles > Flashcards

Ch. 2 - Meninges & Ventricles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue layers over the CNS that function in protection?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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2
Q

What meningeal layer is known as the “tough mother” and is the extremely sturdy, outermost protective layer, thick and inelastic?

A

Dura

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3
Q

What is stuck to the periosteum of the skull?

A

Outer dura mater

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4
Q

What is a very thick covering over the brain and spinal cord?

A

Inner dura mater

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5
Q

What is between the outer and inner dura mater layers?

A

Venous sinuses

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6
Q

The inner dura mater has a midline belayer extension btw the cerebral hemispheres called what?

A

Falx cerebri

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7
Q

The inner dura mater extends btw the occipital lobes and the cerebellum known as the what?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

What is the potential space btw the dura and the arachnoid /c cerebral veins?

A

Subdural spaces

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9
Q

What is epidural bleeding usually caused by?

A

Traumatic shearing of the meningeal arteries

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10
Q

What meningeal layer is “a thin ‘spider-web-like’ avascular layer?”

A

Arachnoid

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11
Q

What is the space btw the arachnoid and pia?

A

The subarachnoid space

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12
Q

What contains the large surface arteries supplying the brain?

A

Subarachnoid space

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13
Q

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a form of a stroke from a ruptured what?

A
  1. Cerebral a.

2. Congenital “berry” aneurysm

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14
Q

What is a positive test for a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Blood in the CSF

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15
Q

The subarachnoid space enlarges in several places to form the what?

A

Cisterns

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16
Q

What is the cistern located dorsal to the medulla and inferior to the cerebellum?

A

Cistern magna (cerebellomedullaris)

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17
Q

What cistern is anterior to the pontomedullary junction?

A

Pontine cistern

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18
Q

What cistern is anterior to the midbrain?

A

Interpeduncular cistern

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19
Q

What cistern is posterior to the midbrain, and superior to the cerebellum

A

Superior cistern

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20
Q

What cistern is caudal to the spinal cord (from L2 to S2)?

A

Spinal cistern

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21
Q

What meningeal layer is known as the “loving mother” very delicate, and adhered to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Pia

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22
Q

What meningeal layer intimately follows the surface into the depths of each sulcus?

A

Pia

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23
Q

Does the pia mater contain blood vessels?

A

Yes, small branches

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24
Q

Ventricles are a series of cavities within the brain that develop from what?

A

The lumen of the neural tube

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25
Q

The ventricles are lined /c what?

A

Ependymal cells (cuboidal glial cells)

26
Q

The ventricles are filled /c what?

A

CSF

27
Q

What ventricle is paired and consists of the anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and inferior horn?

A

Lateral ventricles

28
Q

What part of the lateral ventricle is…

  • anterior to the interventricular foramen, in frontal lobe
  • boundaries are: septum pellucidum (medically), head of caudate nucleus (laterally), body of corpus callosum (superiorly), & genu of corpus callosum (anteriorly)
A

Anterior horn

29
Q

What part of the lateral ventricle….

  • central part, in parietal lobe
  • thalamus forms the floor
  • corpus callosum forms the roof
  • lateral wall = body of caudate nucleus
  • medial wall = septum pellucidum
  • contains choroid plexus
A

Body

30
Q

What part of the lateral ventricle…

- small posterior extension into the occipital lobe

A

Posterior horn

31
Q

What part of the lateral ventricle…

  • extends down into the temporal lobe
  • floor & medial wall = hippocampus
  • lateral roof = tail of caudate nucleus
  • contains choroid plexus
A

Inferior horn

32
Q
  • Paired

- connection of each lateral ventricle into the anterior part of the 3rd ventricle

A

Interventricular Forman (of monro)

33
Q

What ventricle is…

  • midline
  • occupies most of the diencephalon
  • anterior boundary = terminal lamina
  • extends back to cerebral aqueduct
  • lateral walls = thalamus and hypothalamus
  • floor = hypothalamus
  • contains choroid plexus
A

3rd ventricle

34
Q

Narrow canal btw the 3rd and 4th ventricles in the region of the midbrain and upper pons

A

Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)

35
Q

Wide ventricle in region of Rhombencephalon

  • floor = rhomboid fossa /c pons and rostra medulla anteriorly & cerebellum posteriorly
  • extends from cerebral aqueduct rostrally to the central canal caudally
  • contains choroid plexus
A

4th ventricle

36
Q

Paired lateral openings at the end of the R and L lateral recesses for passage of CSF out of the 4th ventricle into the cistern a magna

A

Lateral aperture (aka foramen of Luschka)

37
Q

The midline terminus of the 4th ventricle allows CSF to leave the fourth ventricle into the cistern a magna

A

Medial aperture (aka Foramen of Magendie)

38
Q

Vascular network of Pial vessels /c the ependymal lining membranes which secrete the CSF
- located in the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles

A

Choroid plexus

39
Q

Where is the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle?

A
  • floor
  • near the tip of the inferior horn, around the C-shaped course thru the ventricle body to the interventricular foramen (not in anterior and posterior horns)
  • paired
40
Q

Where is the choroid plexus in the 3rd ventricle?

A
  • unpaired
  • hanging from thin roof of 3rd ventricle
  • continuous anteriorly via interventricular foramen /c choroid plexus of lateral ventricles
41
Q

Where is the choroid plexus in the 4th ventricle?

A
  • unpaired

- in roof of medulla, extending into lateral aperture

42
Q

What 2 fluids are in the CNS?

A
  1. Interstitial fluid

2. CSF

43
Q

What is interstitial fluid produces by? What does it surround?

A

Brain capillaries; each cell

44
Q

What is CSF produced by? What does it fill?

A

Choroid plexus; ventricles & subarachnoid space

45
Q

What do the capillary endothelial cells form?

A

Blood-brain barrier

46
Q

What do the ependymal cells form?

A

Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

47
Q

The blood barriers are impermeable d/t what?

A

Tight junctions formed by astrocyte foot processes which surround capillaries

48
Q

What are the 2 transport systems used with blood barriers?

A
  1. Passive facilitated diffusion

2. Mitochondria-driven active transport

49
Q

What substance passes readily thru the brain barriers?

A

Lipid soluble substances

50
Q
  • clear watery fluid, /c a small amount of protein, electrolytes, glucose, and rarely lymphocytes
  • produced by choroid plexus via capillary filtration & active secretion transport
A

CSF

51
Q

What are the 3 functions of CSF?

A
  1. Cushions the brain
  2. Provides a homeostatic environment
  3. Provides a drainage system for waste substances (since there are no lymphatics)
52
Q

Flow of CSF

_______ ventricles —> ________ foramen —> _____ ventricle —-> ________ aqueduct —> _______ ventricle —> formaina of _________ & _______ —> _________ space (aka cisterna magna)

A

Lateral ventricles —> interventricular foramen —> 3rd ventricle —-> cerebral aqueduct —> 4th ventricle —> formaina of Luschka & Magendie —> subarachnoid space (aka cisterna magna)

53
Q

What allows the CSF to pass by bulk flow from the subarachnoid space into the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Arachnoid granulation

54
Q

CSF pressure depends on what 2 things?

A
  1. Position
  2. Amount

Of fluid in the closed space of the skull

55
Q

An obstruction of the CSF path results in backlog of CSF and a resultant increase in intracranial pressure, which diagnostic swelling of the _________. In a child, an increased __________ will be seen.

A

Optic disc (papilledema); head circumference

56
Q

Inject radiopaque dye into tan artery, then cerebral x-ray shows the vessels

A

Angiography

57
Q

X-ray information is processed by a computer and produces computerized images of sections thru various levels of the brain and brain stem

A

Computerized tomography (CT)

58
Q

Magnetic field causes emission of radio waves which are interpreted by a computer to produce sections /c fine detail

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

59
Q

Injecting air into at ventricle, subarachnoid space of lumbar cistern

A

Pneumonencephalography

60
Q

Contrast media is injected into subarachnoid space while on tilt table, then x-rays

A

Myelogram

61
Q

Insert needle at L3/L4 or L4/L5 (distal to cord) to drain CSF for analysis

A

Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

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