Ch. 2 - General Stuff From Slide Show Flashcards
What are the 3 main factors that contribute to child development?
Genetic Predisposition
Individual’s Role (previous experiences)
Environmental Factors
What is the dynamic systems theory?
- Individual functions as a complex, dynamic system
- Movement emerges based on internal factors, the external environment and the motor task to be completed
What are the 2 most basic functions that underline meaningful movement activity?
- Acquisition of Upright Posture and Mobility
2. Object Manipulation
Postures to Identify in first 12 months.
Look at slide 15-16 Chapter 2
Describe development in the first 12 months when it comes to upper extremity development.
4 months - Goal directed reaching starts
6-7 months - Brings objects to midline, holds bottle
8-9 months - controlled release, transfers objects
10-11 months - pincer grasp develops
12 months - finger feeds, scoops with a spoon
As gait matures, what are some things you may notice with gait?
Time in double-limb support decreases Step width decreases Pelvic tilt decreases Abduction decreases External rotation decreases
At what age do you start to notice dorsiflexion with swing phase?
Age 2
When does push off in stance phase begin?
Age 2
How does early development in running progress with a child?
Begins as fast walk Has short, limited leg swing Stiff, uneven stride No flight phase Incomplete extension of the support leg Short arm swing Wide base of support
When does the flight phase of running begin to develop?
Age 2 and is consistent at age 3
What might you see early on in a child starting to jump horizontally?
Limited arm swing
Trunk moves vertically
Difficulty using both feet
Limited extension of the ankles, knees, hips at take off.
As horizontal jumping matures, what might you observe?
Arms initiate the jumping action
Arms remain toward the front of the body during preparatory crouch
Arms move out to the side to maintain balance
Preparatory crouch is deeper
Knees & hip extension are almost complete at take off & flexed during flight
At what age does a child develop enough coordination & balance to be able to hop?
Age 4
What are some characteristics of early hopping in a child?
- Unsupported leg is flexed to 90 degrees and is parallel to ground
- Arms flexed at elbows & held slightly at side
- Little height or distance
- Balance is easily lost
During early gross motor development, describe when a baby progresses from rolling to standing.
3 months - rolling
6 months - sitting
9 months - crawling
12 months - standing independently/walking
