ch 2: customs of the tagalogs Flashcards
The Tagalog people were led by chiefs called?
datos/dato
or
datus/datu
Each dato ruled over a group of people called a?
barangay
often comprised of a dato’s family, relations, and slaves.
barangay
were mostly autonomous but would assist each other in times of war
barangay
three classes
(enumerate)
- maharlica (nobles),
- aliping namamahay (commoners),
- aliping sa guiguilir (slaves).
were exempt from paying taxes but had to support their dato in war and assist with tasaks like building houses and cultivating land.
Maharlicas
what happened to land according to the customs of the tagalog
Land was divided among the barangay, particularly irrigated land, while mountain ridges (tingues) were shared communally.
they had their own houses and property, but were required to?
work a portion of their master’s land
aliping namamahay
they had no property rights and served their masters in their homes and fields.
aliping sa guiguilir
Large houses of chiefs temporarily used as places of worship called?
Simbahan
There were no permanent temples
the primary organizational structure of Tagalog society.
Barangay
Governed them and were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced.
datos
The subject who committed any offense against the datos, or spoke but a word to their wives and children, was?
severely punished
This tribal gathering is called in Tagalo a
barangay
It was inferred that the reason for giving themselves this name arose from the fact (as they are classed, by their language, among the Malay nations) that when they came to this land, the head of the barangay, which is a ________, thus called became a dato
boat
“they corresponded to our knights”
datos (chiefs)
They did not pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must accompany him in war, at their own expense
Maharlicas
The chief offered them beforehand a feast, and afterward they divided the spoils
Maharlicas
The nobles were the free-born whom they call?
Maharlicas
when the dato went upon the water those whom he summoned rowed for him. If he built a house, they helped him, and had to be fed for it
Maharlicas
at the time of the rice harvest, any individual of any particular barangay, although he may have come from some other village, if he commences to clear any land?
may sow it
no one can compel him to abandon it
There are some villages in which these nobles, or maharlicas, paid annually to the dato a hundred gantas of rice. for example?
Pila de la Laguna
The reason of this was that, at the time of their settlement there, another chief occupied the lands, which the new chief, upon his arrival, bought with his own gold; and therefore the members of his barangay paid him for the arable land, and he divided it, among those whom he saw fit to reward. But now, since the advent of the Spaniards, it is not so divided.
They are married, and serve their master, whether he be a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the beginning
aliping namamahay
They accompanied him whenever he went beyond the island, and rowed for him
aliping namamahay
The children, then, enjoy the rank of their fathers, and they cannot be made slaves (sa guiguilir) nor can either parents or children be sold
aliping namamahay
They live in their own houses, and are lords of their property and gold
aliping namamahay
Their children inherit it, and enjoy their property and lands
aliping namamahay
If they should fall by inheritance into the hands of a son of their master who was going to dwell in another village, they could not be taken from their own village and carried with him; but they would remain in their native village, doing service there and cultivating the sowed lands.
aliping namamahay
They serve their master in his house and on his cultivated lands, and may be sold
aliping sa guiguilir
The master grants them, should he see fit, and providing that he has profited through their industry, a portion of their harvests, so that they may work faithfully.
aliping sa guiguilir
For these reasons, servants who are born in the house of their master are rarely, if ever?
sold
That is the lot of captives in war, and of those brought up in the harvest fields.
aliping sa guiguilir
Those to whom a debt was owed transferred the debt to another, thereby themselves making a profit, and reducing the wretched debtors to a slavery which was not their natural lot
aliping sa guiguilir
The price of this ransom was ____________________________________, and from that upwards; and if he gave ten or more taels, as they might agree, he became wholly free.
never less than five taels
If any person among those who were made slaves (sa guiguilir)—through war, by the trade of goldsmith, or otherwise—happened to possess any gold beyond the sum that he had to give his master, then he?
he ransomed himself, becoming thus a namamahay, or what we call a commoner.
After having divided all the trinkets which the slave possessed, if he maintained a house of his own, they __________ even the pots and jars, and if an odd one of these remained, they _______________; and if a piece of cloth were left, they ________________________.
After having divided all the trinkets which the slave possessed, if he maintained a house of his own, they divided even the pots and jars, and if an odd one of these remained, they broke it; and if a piece of cloth were left, they parted it in the middle.
In these three classes, those who are maharlicas on both the father’s and mother’s side?
continue to be so forever
if one of them had children by the slave-woman of another, she was compelled, when pregnant, to give her master half of a gold tael, because of her risk of death, and for her inability to labor during the pregnancy. In such a case half of the child was free—namely, the half belonging to the father, who supplied the child with food. If he did not do this, he showed that he did not recognize him as his child, in which case the latter was wholly a slave.
If these maharlicas had children among their slaves, the children and their mothers?
became free
