ch 1: what is history Flashcards
The study of the past
HISTORY
is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events which is based on the critical examination of various sources and authentic materials.
HISTORY
“History” is derived from the Greek word? which means?
“History” is derived from the Greek word “historia” which means knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation
the greek word “historia” was Adapted later by the Latin language, and the meaning became?
“the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidences”
the adaptation of the greek word historia into a different latin meaning gave rise to this mantra
NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY
NON-WRITTEN HISTORICAL SOURCES
(give examples)
- Oral traditions
- Artifacts
- Architecture
- Memory
- Etc.
Object of study is the past, the events that happened in the past, and the causes of such events
History
This asks Who wrote history?
HISTORIOGRAPHY
this is the History itself
HISTORIOGRAPHY
History of history
HISTORIOGRAPHY
This asks what is the Context?
HISTORIOGRAPHY
This asks what are the Methods used?
HISTORIOGRAPHY
This asks about the different Sources
HISTORIOGRAPHY
Sources produced at the same time of the event, period, or that is being studied
PRIMARY SOURCES
Contemporary accounts of an event, personally written or narrated by an individual person who directly experienced or participated in the said event
PRIMARY SOURCES
Considered as original sources that directly narrate the details of the event
PRIMARY SOURCES
Diaries
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Photographs
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Letters
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Speeches
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Oral history
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Artifacts
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Official records (government)
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
Produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the said material
SECONDARY SOURCES
Paintings
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
The testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness – that is of one who was not present at the event of which he tells
SECONDARY SOURCES
Textbooks
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
Interpretations or readings of primary sources
SECONDARY SOURCES
Historical sources which studied a certain historical subject
SECONDARY SOURCES
Artistic rendition of an event
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
Journal articles (scholarly)
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
Films
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
News articles
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
the movie “heneral luna”
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
proclamation of martial law
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
documentary about the gomburza
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
readings in philippine history tetxbook
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
bone remains
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
jose rizal’s clothes he used to wear
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
the book “mga gunita ng himagsikan” by heneral emilio aguinaldo
(primary or secondary)
PRIMARY SOURCES
a website about the life and works of emilio aguinaldo
(primary or secondary)
SECONDARY SOURCES
Verifying the authenticity of evidences by examining its physical characteristics
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Materials used for the evidence
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
Examination of the truthfulness of the evidence
INTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Ink, paper, language, words used, etc.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Content of the source
INTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Circumstances of its production
INTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Author of the source
(background of author)
INTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Context
(context of the historical source)
INTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the Agenda behind its creation
INTERNAL CRITICISM
examines the The knowledge which informed it
INTERNAL CRITICISM
HISTORICAL CRITICISM
- Garraghan (1950)
[DLAAIC]
- Date
- Localization
- Authorship
- Analysis
- Integrity
- Credibility
examines the Intended purpose
INTERNAL CRITICISM
HISTORICAL CRITICISM
- Howell and Prevenier (2001)
[GGOIACT]
- The genealogy of the document
- The genesis of the document
- The originality of the document
- The interpretation of the document
- The authorial authority of the document
- The competence of the observer
- The trustworthiness of the observer