Ch 2-Back: Sympathetic/Parasympathetic

Question 1

Sympathetic

Answer 1

-trunks on each side attach to anterior rami of spinal nerves by a white ramis communicans(which only occurs @ T1/L2) and is the route, where preganglinic fiber synapse with postganglionic.

Question 2

-Peripheral sympathetic innervation @ level of origin of preganglinic fiber:

Answer 2

• Gray ramus communicans connects trunks to ant ramus containing postganglionic fibers becoz nonmyelinated. Medial to white ramus communicans.
  
  • Fibers at T1 to T5 pass superially, while T5 to L2 pass inferiorly. Passing head, preganglinic meets highest ganglion in neck-superior cervical ganglion.
  • Postgang travels to blood, sweat glands, and eye smooth muscles.

Question 3

-Symp inn of thoracic and cervical viscera (T1 to T5)

Answer 3

• Pregang + postgang in gang → medially to thoracic or cervical viscera
  
  • Postgang + other levels → visceral nerves = cardiac nerves + parasympathetic => target organs plexus.

Question 4

-Symp innervation of abs & pelvic regions & adrenals (T5 to L):

Answer 4

• Pregang pass symp trunk w/ paravert gang = splanchnic nerves -splanchnic nerves + symp gang around roots of arteries of abs.
  
  • Pregang in prevert plexus w/ gang in plexus → adrenal cells.

Question 5

Parasympathetic system-leave cranial, sacral regions.

Answer 5

• Cranial nerves: III, VII, IX

- Sacral “ : S2 to S4

Question 6

-Sacral pregang parasym fibers-axons:

Answer 6

• Ant rami S2to S4 → pregang parasym fibers (pelvic splanchnic nerves) → pelvic ext of prevert plexus around abs aorta → pelvic & ab vicera in blood vessels → postgang found in viscera.
  - In gastrointestinal sys, pregang + directly on gang of enteric.

Question 7

-Cranial nerve pregang parasym fibers:

Answer 7

• Pregang parasympathetic fibers in III,VII, IX + 4 distinct gang(w/ postgang) near branches of V, leave → target tissues w/ branches.
  
  • Vagus nerve X → visceral branches(-abs,-pelvis,-thoracic)]-containing symp fibers & present postgang para.