Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
1
Q
- parts of pancreas
- ducts/papilla of pancreas
- annular pancreas
A
- head, uncinate process, neck, tail
- pancreatic duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla, major duodenal papilla, sphincter of ampulla, accessory pancreatic duct, minor duodenal papilla
- abnormal bifid of ventral bud that constricts duodenum. may prevent fetus from swallowing enough amniotic fluid, increasing volume (polyhydramnios)
- posterior to stomach
- secondarily retroperitoneal
2
Q
Duct system for bile
A
- right and left hepatic ducts: drain liver
- common hepatic duct
- cystic duct
- bile duct
- omental foramen is posterior to these
- bile duct descends, passing posteriorly the superior part of duodenum before joining the pancreatic duct to enter the descending part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.
3
Q
Spleen
- where
- connected to
- disorders
A
- rib IX to rib X in left upper quadrant
- greater curvature of stomach by gastrosplenic ligament, left kidney by splenorenal ligament
- surrounded by visceral peritoneum and has a splenic hilum
- splenic rupture, splenic enlargement (splenomegaly)
4
Q
Gallstones
A
- 10% of ppl over 40 yrs, common in women
- a mixture of cholesterol and bile pigment
- impact Hartmann’s pouch, bulbous region of neck of gallbladder
- cholecystectomy-removal of gallbladder
- cholecystitis-inflammation of gallbladder
5
Q
Jaundice
- pre-hepatic jaundice
- hepatic jaundice
- post-hepatic jaundice
A
-yellow discoloration of skin caused by excess bile pigment (bilirubin) within the plasma
- excessive breakdown of rbcs
- converting fat-soluble into water-soluble bilirubin affected by inflammatory change in liver and poisons
6
Q
Liver
- in right hypochondrium and epigastric
- Diaphragmatic surface
- Visceral surface
- Associated ligaments
- to anterior ab wall
- stomach
- duodenum
- diaphragm - Lobes
A
- (anterior, superior, posterior directions) subphrenic recesses, faliciform ligament, hepatorenal recess
- (inferior direction) covered w/ visceral peritoneum except in the fossa for the gallbladder and porta hepatis (point of entry into the liver for hepatic arteries and portal vein, and exit point for hepatic ducts)
- falciform ligament
- hepatogastric ligament
- hepatoduodenal ligament
- right/left triangular ligaments and ant/post coronary ligaments
- on visceral surfaces, right lobe(quadrate, caudate lobes) > left lobe
7
Q
Gallbladder (visceral)
A
- pear-shaped sac lying on visceral of right lobe of liver in a fossa between right and quadrate lobes
- fundus
- body
- neck
- receives, concentrates, stores bile from liver
8
Q
- obstructive hydrocephalus
- hemodialysis (1st method)
- (2nd method)
A
- an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricular system that needs drainage
- blood is taken from circulation, dialyzed through a complex artificial membrane, and returned to body
- peritoneum is used as the dialysis membrane. Is an ideal dialysis membrane for fluid and electrolyte exchange.
9
Q
- Greater omentum
- Lesser omentum
A
- from dorsal mesentery. Attaches to greater curvature of stomach, & 1st part of duodenum. Drapes over transverse colon, jejunum, ileum. Contains fat and R/L gastro-omental vessels.
- ‘policeman of the ab’ ability to migrate to any inflamed area and wrap itself around the organ to ‘wall off’ inflammation
-From the ventral mesentery. Extends fr lesser curvature & 1st part duodenum to inferior surface of liver. Divided into hepatogastric ligament, hepatoduodenal ligament.
10
Q
- mesentery
- transverse mesocolon
- sigmoid mesocolon
A
- large, fan-shaped, double-layerd fold of peritoneum, connects jejunum & ileum to post ab wall, at duodenojejunal junction.
- connects transverse colon to post ab wall.
- inverted, V-shaped peritoneal fold, attaches sigmoid colon to ab wall. Apex is near division of L common iliac artery.
11
Q
Abdominal esophagus
A
- short distal part of eso located in ab cavity
- emerging through right crus of diaphragm
- at level of TX
- anterior vagal trunk
- posterior vagal trunk
12
Q
Stomach
A
- most dilated part of GIT, J-like shape.
- found in epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondrium
- divided into 4:
1. cardia
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric part: pyloric antrum, pyloric canal
*pyloric orifice, pyloric constriction, pyloric sphincter, transpyloric plane
- Other features:
1. greater curvature
2. lesser curvature
3. cardial notch: angle created when eso enters
4. angular incisures: bend on lesser curvature
13
Q
Small intestine
-Duodenum
A
- C-shaped, adjacent to head of pancreas, above level of umbilicus, lumen is the widest
- connected to liver by hepatoduodenal ligament
- retroperitoneal except its beginning
- 4 parts:
1. superior(ampulla or duodenal cap): right of LI, passes ant to bile duct
2. descending part: to LIII. contains major duodenal papilla and minor duodenal papilla
3. inferior: longest, crosses IVC
4. ascending part: left of aorta, to LII. terminates at duodenojejunal flexure
14
Q
Small intestine
- Jejunum
- Ileum
A
-proximal 2/5ths in LUQ, larger in diameter and thicker wall than ileum. Contain arterial arcades and longer vasa recta(straight arteries).
- distal 3/5ths in RLQ. thinner walls, shorter vasa recta, more mesenteric fat, more arterial arcades.
- opens/projects into the large intestine by two flaps called ileocecal fold, which prevents reflux fr cecum to ileum and regulates passage of contens fr ileum to cecum.
15
Q
- duodenal ulceration
- examination of Upper GIT
- Meckel’s diverticulum
- CT scan and MRI
- Carcinoma of stomach
A
-occur in superior duodenum. Surgery or drugs to block acid stimulation and secretion indirectly is avail. Tend to occur ant or post.
- Barium sulfate solns swallowed to image eso, stom, duo, small bowel. (exam of bowel lumen)
- Endoscopy: tube through mouth into eso, stom, duo, prox jeju (exam of bowel wall and extrinsic masses)
- remnant of prox part of yolk stalk, which extends into umbilical cord in embryo and lies on antimesenteric border of ileum, produces symptoms.
- find impt info of bowel wall not obtained fr the others.
- common gastritis, anemia, and polyps occur prior to cancer. diagnosis through biopsy, barium, endoscopy
