Ch 2-Back: Functions

Question 1

Movement:

Answer 1

• Extrinsic: Upper limbs, ribs
• Intrinsic: posture, vertebral column (flexion, extention, lateral flex, rotation)
• CI(head flex,extend) and on CII(head rotates)

Question 2

-Support:

Answer 2

• body’s weight, transmit forces through pelvis & lower limbs, head, brace/maneuver upper limbs
• Curvatures:
  - Primary-concave anteriorly (thoracic, sacral)
  - Secondary-concave posteriorly (cervical, lumbar)

Question 3

-Protection of CNS & PNS:

Answer 3

With meninges, etc.

Question 4

Nerve injuries affecting superficial back muscles

Answer 4

• accessory nerve XI of trapezius
• thoracodorsal nerve of latissimus dorsi
• dorsal scapular nerve of rhomboids

Question 5

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid tap

-extradural anesthesia:

Answer 5

Spinal cord ends at LI and LII, while subarachnoid extends till border at SII.
-needle places through skin, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, and ligament flava

Question 6

Herpes zoster

Answer 6

-carries dormant chickenpox virus from spinal ganglia to areas supplied by dermatome nerve, causeing rash.