Ch 2 Flashcards
The cause or origin of a disorder
Etiology
An analogy used by scientists, usually to describe or explain a phenomenon or process they cannot directly observe
Model
A model that provides an organizational framework for understanding the numerous influences on the development orders, the complexity of their interacting components, and the need to view disorders on the holistic framework
Multiparty model
A tendency to act quickly without careful thought
Impulsivity
Conditions or attributes that lesson or illuminate the risk of a negative psychological or social outcome
Protective factors
The ability to recover from stress or adversity
Resilience
The three major divisions of the brain
Forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
The outermost layer of brain tissue; covers the cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
A nerve cell that transmits messages throughout the body
Neuron
The outer layer of the pre-frontal lobe responsible for inhibiting instinctive responses and performing complex cognitive behavior such as managing attention, behavior, and emotions
Prefrontal cortex
Mental processes that involve the planning, organizing, and attention required to me and short-term and long-term goals
Executive functioning
The group of deep brain structures associated with emotions, decision-making, and memory formation
Limbic system
The brain structure involved with psychological reactivity and emotional memories
Amygdala
The brain structure involved with the formation, organization, and storing up emotionally relevant memories
Hippocampus
A system of that coordinates the basic physiological functions and regulates physical responses associated with emotional reactions
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
The brain structure that regulates good bodily drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual response, and body conditions, such as body temperature and circadian rhythms
Hypothalamus
A system activated under conditions of stress or emotional arousal
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
Gland that stimulates hormones associated with growth, sexual and reproductive development, metabolism, and stress responses
Pituitary gland
Regulatory chemicals that influence various physiological activities, such metabolism, digestion, growth, and mood
Hormones
A gland that releases sexual hormones and other hormones, such as cortisol, in response to stress
Adrenal gland
Cells that support and protect neurons
Glia
The signal relaying network of interconnected neurons
Neural circuits
A short, root like structure and the neuron cell body that receives signals from other neurons
Dendrite
And the extension on the neuron cell body that sends signals to other neurons, muscles, and glands
Axon
White, fatty material that surrounds and insulates axons
Myelin
The process by which myelin sheaths increase the efficiency of signal transmission between nerve cells
Myelination
Brain tissue comprised of myelinated nerve pathways
White matter
Brain tissue comprised of the cell bodies of neurons in glia
Gray matter
