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Life-span Psych > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Zygote

A

The single cell that is formed from the fusing of two gametes, sperm and ovum

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2
Q

DNA

A

The molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins

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3
Q

Chromosome

A

One of the 46 molecules of DNA that almost every cell of the human body contains

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4
Q

Gene

A

A small section of a chromosome; basic unit for transmission of heredity

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5
Q

Gamete

A

A reproductive cell, sperm or ovum

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6
Q

Allele

A

Any possible forms of a gene

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7
Q

Genotype

A

An organism’s entire genetic inheritance or genetic potential

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8
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of a person

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9
Q

Genome

A

The full set of genes for a certain species

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10
Q

XX

A

Female

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11
Q

XY

A

Male

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12
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development (identical twins)

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13
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time (fraternal twins)

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14
Q

Additive gene

A

A gene that contributes to the phenotype

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15
Q

Dominant-recessive pattern

A

The interaction of a pair of genes in such a way that the phenotype reveals the influence of one more than that of the other

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16
Q

Carrier

A

A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype

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17
Q

X-linked

A

A gene carried on the X chromosome

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18
Q

Germinal period

A

The first two weeks of development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division

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19
Q

Embryonic period

A

The stage of prenatal development from the end of the 2nd week through the 8th week after conception; formation of body structures and internal organs

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20
Q

Fetal period

A

The stage of prenatal development from nine weeks after conception until birth

21
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells from which any other specialized type of cell can form

22
Q

Implantation

A

10 days after conception, developing organism burrows into the tissue that lines the uterus where it will be nourished

23
Q

Embryo

A

The name for a developing human organism from 2-8 weeks after conception

24
Q

Sonogram

A

An image of a fetus produced by using high-frequency sound waves

25
Q

Fetus

A

The name for a developing human from week 9 til birth

26
Q

Age of viability

A

The age at which the fetus may survive outside the mother’s uterus if specialized medical care is available

27
Q

Apgar scale

A

A quick assessment of a newborn’s health

28
Q

C-section

A

Surgical birth

29
Q

Doula

A

A woman who helps with the birth process

30
Q

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

A

A test that measures a newborn’s responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, 20 reflexes

31
Q

Reflex

A

An unlearned, involuntary action in response to a stimulus

32
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Deep sadness and inadequacy felt after giving birth

33
Q

Couvade

A

Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experience by fathers

34
Q

Down syndrome

A

An extra chromosome at the 21st position (47 instead of 46)

35
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

A genetic condition that involves the X chromosome and that causes slow development

36
Q

Teratogen

A

Any agent or condition that can impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects or complications

37
Q

Behavioral teratogens

A

Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child’s intellectual and emotional functioning

38
Q

Threshold effect

A

A Teratogen can be harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level

39
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

You know what this is

40
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

A disorder that results from damage to the brain’s motor centers

41
Q

Anoxia

A

A lack of oxygen

42
Q

False positives

A

A result in a lab test that suggests an abnormality that is not present

43
Q

Low birthweight

A

<5.5lbs at birth

44
Q

Very low birthweight

A

<3lbs 5oz at birth

45
Q

Extremely low birthweight

A

<2lbs 3oz at birth

46
Q

Preterm birth

A

Birth at 3 or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of pregnancy

47
Q

Small for gestational age

A

Body weight at birth significantly lower than expected

48
Q

Heritability

A

A statistic that indicates what % of the variation in a trait within a population can be traced to genes

Life-span Psych (14 decks)

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