Ch. 14

Question 1

ageism

Answer 1

a prejudice whereby people are categorized and judged by their chronological age

Question 2

elderspeak

Answer 2

a condescending way of speaking to older adults that resembles baby talk

Question 3

universal design

Answer 3

the creation of settings and equipment that can be used by everyone

Question 4

demographic shift

Answer 4

a shift in the proportions of the populations of various ages

Question 5

wear and tear

Answer 5

a view of aging as a process by which the human body wears out because of the passage of time and exposure to environmental stressors

Question 6

calorie restriction

Answer 6

the practice of limiting dietary energy intake in hopes of slowing down the aging process

Question 7

max life span

Answer 7

the oldest possible age that members of a species can live under ideal circumstances

Question 8

average life expectancy

Answer 8

the number of years the average person in a particular population group is likely to live

Question 9

genetic clock

Answer 9

a mechanism in the DNA of cells that regulates the aging process by triggering hormonal changes and cellular death and despair

Question 10

cellular aging

Answer 10

the ways in which molecules and cells are affected by age

Question 11

Hayflick limit

Answer 11

the number of times a human cell is capable of dividing

Question 12

telomeres

Answer 12

the area of the tips of each chromosome that is reduced a tiny amount as time passes

Question 13

primary aging

Answer 13

the universal and irreversible physical changes that occur in all living creatures as they grow older

Question 14

secondary aging

Answer 14

the specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging that vary from person to person

Question 15

compression of morbidity

Answer 15

a shortening of the time a person spends ill or infirm before dying

Question 16

osteoporosis

Answer 16

fragile bones that result from primary aging

Question 17

control processes

Answer 17

the part of the information-processing system that regulates the analysis and flow of information

Question 18

ecological validity

Answer 18

the idea that cognition should be measured in natural settings and schedules

Question 19

neurocognitive disorder

Answer 19

any number of brain diseases that affects a person’s ability to interact with other people

Question 20

major neurocognitive disorder

Answer 20

irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease

Question 21

Alzheimer’s

Answer 21

gradual deterioration of memory and personality

Question 22

plaques

Answer 22

clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, found in brain tissues surrounding the neurons

Question 23

tangles

Answer 23

twisted masses of thread made of tau within the neurons of the brain

Question 24

vascular disease

Answer 24

progressive loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated strokes or temp. obstructions of blood vessels

Question 25

frontotemporal NCDs

Answer 25

brain disorders that occur with serious impairment of the frontal lobes

Question 26

Parkinsons’s

Answer 26

characterized by muscle tremor and rigidity

Question 27

Lewy body disease

Answer 27

characterized by an increase in particular abnormal cells in the brain

Question 28

polypharmacy

Answer 28

when people take many medications

Question 29

self-actualization

Answer 29

final stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 30

life review

Answer 30

an examination of one’s own role in the history of human life