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Life-span Psych > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Science of human development

A

The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time

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2
Q

Scientific method

A

A way to answer questions using empirical research and data-based conclusions

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

A specific prediction that can be tested

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4
Q

Empirical data

A

Evidence that is based on observation, experience or days; not theoretical

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5
Q

Replication

A

Repeating a study

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6
Q

Nature

A

Traits, capacities and limitations that one inherits genetically from parents

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7
Q

Nurture

A

Environmental influences

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8
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of how environmental factors affect genes and genetic expression

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9
Q

Differential susceptibility (differential sensitivity)

A

The idea that people vary in how sensitive they are to particular experiences

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10
Q

Life-span perspective

A

An approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life

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11
Q

Critical period

A

A time when a particular type of developmental growth must happen for normal development to occur

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12
Q

Sensitive period

A

A time when a certain type of development is most likely but it can still happen at a later time with more difficulty

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13
Q

Ecological-systems approach

A

Bronfenbrenner’s perspective on human development that considers all the influences from the various contexts of development (family, school, politics)

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14
Q

Cohort

A

People born within the same historical period

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15
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

A person’s position in society as determined by income, occupation, education and place of residence

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16
Q

Culture

A

A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors and expectations that persists over time

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17
Q

Social construction

A

An idea that is built on shared perceptions, not on objective reality

18
Q

Difference-equals-deficit error

A

The mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that are more typical

19
Q

Ethnic group

A

People whose ancestors were born in the same region and often share a language, culture and religion

20
Q

Race

A

A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by others as distinct from other groups in the basis of physical appearance, skin color

21
Q

Dynamic-systems approach

A

A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive and psychosocial influences

22
Q

Developmental theory

A

A group of ideas that interpret 1000s of observations about human growth

23
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

A theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconscious drives and motives underlie human behavior (Freud)

24
Q

Behaviorism

A

Studies observable behavior

25
Q

Conditioning

A

Process by which responses become linked to a particular stimuli and learning takes place

26
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Action followed by a response (good or bad)

27
Q

Social learning theory

A

Influence others have over a person’s behavior

28
Q

Cognitive theory

A

Changes in how people think over time

29
Q

Humanism

A

Theory that stresses the potential of all humans

30
Q

Scientific observation

A

Testing hypothesis by watching and recording participants’ behavior

31
Q

Experiment

A

You know what this is

32
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable introduced

33
Q

Dependent variable

A

Change as a result of independent variable

34
Q

Survey

A

Info is collected

35
Q

Cross-sectional research

A

Compares groups of people who differ in age but similar in other characteristics

36
Q

Longitudinal research

A

Same individuals studied over time

37
Q

Cross-sequential research

A

Researchers study groups of people of different ages then follow these groups over the years

38
Q

Correlation

A

Relationship between two variables

39
Q

Quantitative

A

Numbers

40
Q

Qualitative

A

Description

Life-span Psych (14 decks)

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