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Biology 1 > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Monomer

A

Single subunit

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2
Q

Polymer

A

Many subunits

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3
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Formation of large molecules by the removal of water

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4
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water

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5
Q

Carbohydrates: subunits

A

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

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6
Q

Carbohydrate: function

A

Sugar transport, energy storage, structural support

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7
Q

Carbohydrate: bond type

A

Covalent bonds

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8
Q

Nucleic Acids: types

A

DNA
RNA
ATP

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9
Q

Nucleic Acids: function

A

specialized for the storage, transmission and use of genetic information

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10
Q

Nucleic Acids: subunit

A

nucleotide

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11
Q

Nucleic Acid: structure

A

nitrogenous base
phosphate group
sugar molecule

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12
Q

Nitrogenous Bases

A

Purines: adenine, Guanine
pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil

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13
Q

DNA uses what sugar?

A

Deoxyribose

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14
Q

RNA uses what suagr?

A

Ribose

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15
Q

Polymerization

A

when monomers chemically combine to create larger molecules or polymers

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16
Q

Nucleic Acids: type of bonds

A

phosphodiester bond between phosphate group and sugar molecule of different monomers
hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases of different monomers

17
Q

DNA: function

A

holding of genetic information in nucleotide sequence

18
Q

RNA: function

A

direct synthesis of proteins

19
Q

nitrogenous base bonds

A

Adenine with Thymine
DNA: Guanine with Cytosine
RNA Guanine with Uracil

20
Q

ATP: function

A

primary energy currency of the cell

21
Q

Protein: Functions

A

enzyme catalysts
defense
transport
support
motion
regulation
storage

22
Q

Protein: subunits

A

amino acids
peptide
polypeptide

23
Q

Protein: structures

A

primary structure: amino acids
secondary: alpha helixes and beta sheets
tertiary: polypeptide chains
quaternary: two or more smaller protein chains

24
Q

Amino Acid: Structure

A

carbon atom surrounded by
amino group
carboxyl group
single hydrogen
variable R group

25
Q

The ____ of a protein determines its ______

A

shape, function

26
Q

Denaturation

A

change in the shape of a protein, usually causing loss of function, caused by changes in:
pH, temperature, salt concentration

27
Q

Lipids: types

A

triglycerides
phospholipids

28
Q

triglycerides

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

29
Q

phospholipids can be

A

saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated

30
Q

saturated

A

maximum number of hydrogen bonds

31
Q

unsaturated

A

some hydrogens have double bonds
not maximum number of bonds

32
Q

Lipids: Function

A

phospholipids: cell membranes
triglycerides: energy storage, twice as much as carbohydrates

33
Q

phospholipids structure

A

polar heads hydrophilic
nonpolar tails hydrophobic

Biology 1 (11 decks)

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