Ch. 10

Question 1

bacteria divide via

Answer 1

binary fission

Question 2

_____,_______ bacterial chromosome is replicated

Answer 2

single, circular

Question 3

begins at ____, and goes in a _________ fashion until end

Answer 3

origin, bidirectional

Question 4

_______ forms to divide the cell into 2

Answer 4

septum

Question 5

uncondensed chromosome/DNA

Answer 5

chromation

Question 6

radial loops held in place by

Answer 6

scaffold proteins

Question 7

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Answer 7

Nucleosome

Question 8

portion of genome not expressed

Answer 8

heterochromatin

Question 9

portion that is expressed

Answer 9

euchromatin

Question 10

___ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 10

23

Question 11

diploid number

Answer 11

46

Question 12

X-shaped chromosome connected by

Answer 12

centromere

Question 13

replicated chromosomes are connected by

Answer 13

kinetochores

Question 14

5 phases of cell cycle

Answer 14

G1
S
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 15

5 phases of mitosis

Answer 15

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 16

G1

Answer 16

primary growth phase, longest phase

Question 17

S

Answer 17

responsible for the synthesis or replication of DNA

Question 18

G2

Answer 18

second growth phase, replication of organelles, assembly of microtubules at spindle, chromosomes undergo condensation

Question 19

prophase

Answer 19

chromosomes condense, centrioles move to poles, spindle apparatus assembled,
nuclear envelop dissolve

Question 20

prometaphase

Answer 20

spindle apparatus attaches to kinetochores,
2nd set of microtubules form attach to kinetochores,
microtubules begin to pull chromosomes to center

Question 21

metaphase

Answer 21

microtubules align chromosomes at center,

Question 22

imaginary plane; center of cell where chromosomes align

Answer 22

metaphase plate

Question 23

anaphase

Answer 23

removal of cohesion proteins causing centromeres to separate
microtubules pull sister chromatids towards poles

Question 24

telophase

Answer 24

spindle apparatus disassembles
nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids
chromosomes begin to uncoil
nucleolus reappears in each new nucleus

Question 25

cytokinesis

Answer 25

animal cells: constriction of actin filaments produces cleavage furrow
plant cells: plasma membrane forms a cell plate between nucleus

Question 26

three checkpoints

Answer 26

G1/S
G2/M
late metaphase

Question 27

G1/S checkpoint

Answer 27

cell decides to divide, if doesn’t pass goes to G0

Question 28

G2/M

Answer 28

checks DNA replication otherwise back to S

Question 29

Late metaphase

Answer 29

all chromosomes are attached to spindle and everything is in place, if not stays in metaphase or goes back to prophase

Question 30

genes that disturb the cell cycle when they are mutated

Answer 30

tumor-suppressor
proto-oncogenes