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Micro020 > Ch 19 > Flashcards

Ch 19 Flashcards

1
Q

there is a possible link of lack of normal microbiota metabolic products leading to

A

chronic inflammatory state

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2
Q

an antigenic response beyond normal that occurs when sensitized by previous exposure to an antigen

A

hypersensitivity

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3
Q

4 types of hypersensitivity

A
  1. anaphylactic
  2. cytotoxic
  3. immune complex
  4. delayed cell-mediated
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4
Q

in anaphylactic reactions, antigens combine with

__ antibodies

A

IgE

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5
Q

in anaphylactic reactions, IgE attaches to __ and __

A

mast cells and basophils

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6
Q

In anaphylactic reactions, mast cells and basophils undergo __ which releases 3 mediators

A

degranulation

histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins

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7
Q

systemic anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) occurs when

A

an individual sensitized to an antigen is exposed to it again

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8
Q

systemic anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock) may result in

A

circulatory collapse and death

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9
Q

systemic anaphylaxis is treated with

A

epinephrine

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10
Q

localized anaphylaxis symptoms depend on

A

route of entry

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11
Q

localized anaphylaxis is associated with

A

ingested or inhaled antigens

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12
Q

localized anaphylaxis symptoms include

A

hives, hay fever, asthma

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13
Q

cytotoxic reactions activate complement by the combination of __ or __ antibodies with an antigenic cell

A

IgG or IgM

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14
Q

cytotoxic reactions cause ___ by macrophages

A

cell damage or lysis

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15
Q

what is the blood group system

A

antibodies form against certain carbohydrate antigens on RBCs

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16
Q

ABO blood group system uses which antigens

A

A and B

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17
Q

Rh blood given to an Rh recipient will stimulate a __ antibodies in the recipient

A

anti-Rh

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18
Q

in immune complex reactions, antibodies form against __ antigens in the __

A

soluble, serum

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19
Q

]__ reactions form immune complexes that lodge in the basement membranes beneath the cells

A

immune complex

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20
Q

arthus reaction is a rare side-effect of

A

toxoid-containing vaccines

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21
Q

what are the steps of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity

A
  1. immune complexes are deposited in blood vessel wall
  2. immune complexes activates complement and attracts inflammatory cells such as neutrophils
  3. enzymes released from neutrophils cause damage to endothelial cells of basement membrane
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22
Q

in a delayed cell mediated reaction, cell mediated immune responses are caused by __ cells

A

T

23
Q

in delayed cell mediated reactions, antigens are phagocytized and presented to receptors on __ cells, causing __

A

T, sensitization

24
Q

in delayed cell mediated reactions, reexposure to antigen causes

A

memory cells to release destructive cytokines

25
Q

allergic response to poison ivy, cosmetics, metals and latex is called

A

allergic contact dermatitis

26
Q

allergic contact dermatitis is a ___ reaction

A

delayed cell mediated

27
Q

what is autoimmunity

A

a loss of self-tolerance

28
Q

what is an autoimmune disease

A

immune system responds to self antigens, causing damage to the organs

29
Q

what is an immunodeficiency

A

absence of a sufficient immune response

30
Q

__ immunodeficiencies are due to defective or missing genes

A

congenital

31
Q

__ immunodeficiencies develop during an individual’s life due to drugs, cancers, and infection

A

acquired

32
Q

active infection

A

new viruses bud from the host cell

33
Q

latent infections

A

DNA is hidden in the chromosome as a provirus

34
Q

stages of HIV infection

A
  1. asymptomatic or lymphadenopathy
  2. CD4 T cells decline steadily, only a few infected cells release the virus, few serious disease symptoms
  3. AIDS develops, the CD4 is count below 200 cells/ul
35
Q

the digestive system is _ % of the immune system

A

70

36
Q

dental plaque is caused by

A

biofilms formed by dextran and fimbrae

37
Q

diets high in __ increase risk of tooth decay

A

sucrose

38
Q

inflammation and infection of the gums is called

A

gingivitis

39
Q

bone and tissue supporting the teeth are destroyed

A

periodontitis

40
Q

periodontitis is caused by

A

porphyromonas

41
Q

helicobacter peptic ulcer disease infects __% of the population in the world

A

30-50

42
Q

helicobacter peptic ulcer disease grows in the stomach acid by producing __

A

urease

43
Q

shigellosis is caused by the genus

A

shigella

44
Q

shigellosis is gram __ and facultative

A

negative, anaerobe

45
Q

shigellosis causes damage to the

A

intestinal wall

46
Q

signs and symptoms of shigellosis

A

abdominal cramps, fever, increased bowel movements

47
Q

salmonella enterica is gram __ and facultative __

A

negative, anaerobe

48
Q

typhoid fever is caused by __ in __

A

salmonella thypi, human feces

49
Q

typhoid fever causes intestinal wall __

A

ulceration

50
Q

cholera causes

A

loss of 12-20 liters of water per day, shock, collapse, organ failure, death

51
Q

clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is gram __ and endospore forming __

A

anaerobe

52
Q

causes more deaths than all other intestinal infections combined

A

clostridium difficile-associated

53
Q

clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea diagnosis and treatments

A

diagnosis

  • pcr
  • antigen detection
  • stool culture

treatment

  • fidaxomicin
  • vancomycin
  • fecal matter
  • transplant

Micro020 (6 decks)

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