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Sport Management > Ch 18: Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industries > Flashcards

Ch 18: Sporting Goods and Licensed Products Industries Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

what is the triple commodity nature?

A
  • the activity/game
  • the service
  • the goods
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2
Q

what did early entrepreneurs in sport create ideas about?

A

better uses of existing technology

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3
Q

George Tryon

A
  • 1811

- fishing tackle business east of Mississippi River

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4
Q

Michael Phelan and John Brunswick

A
  • 1840s/50s

- established production of billiards equipment

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5
Q

A.J. Spalding created a sports manufacturing giant based on selling to what demographic?

A

the expanding middle class

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6
Q

what did Spalding adopt?

A

technological advances for manufacturing

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7
Q

what did scalding promote?

A

grassroots

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8
Q

what kind of guides did scalding produce?

A

guides on how to play/exercise

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9
Q

how did Scalding gain credibility?

A

by claiming official supplier status w/ baseball’s Nat League

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10
Q

how did scalding create a profitable distribution system?

A

company sold directly to retailers at a set price w/ guarantee what retailers would sell at a price that Scalding set

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11
Q

what concept did Scalding eliminate at the retail level?

A

price cutting

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12
Q

SFIA

A
  • founded in 1906

- founded as intercollegiate ball leaders and athletic equipment manufacturers sought to make the sport safer

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13
Q

who are 3 baseball players who participated in early endorsement deals?

A

(1920s)

-Knute Rockne, Honus Wagner, Nap Lajoie

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14
Q

when did spending on sporting goods increase?

A

after Korean War, so 1950s

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15
Q

when did imported products arrive in greater numbers in the American market?

A

1960s

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16
Q

Founder of Adidas and Puma

A

Dasslers

  • Adolph=Adidas
  • Rudolph=Puma
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17
Q

how did Adidas and Puma. find success?

A

production of soccer cleats and track spikes

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18
Q

how did Adi Dassler establish brand equity?

A

convinced Jesse Owens to wear his spikes in 1936 Berlin Summer Games

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19
Q

why does Adidas hold an advantage?

A

relationship w/ FIFA

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20
Q

when did Nike become U.S.’s top sneaker and how much were they making a year?

A

1980

-$269 million a year

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21
Q

what happened in 2005 that could signify competitive balance in sneaker industry?

A

Adidas bought Reebok for 3.8 billion

22
Q

licensed apparel

A

fans purchase goods in order to draw them closer to their favorite organizations and athletes

23
Q

what university is credited w/ being 1st school to enter into a licensing agreement?

A

UCLA, 1973

24
Q

when did NCAA form properties division to license championship merchandise?

A

1975

25
Q

what is the properties division?

A

FOR-PROFIT branch of the league

26
Q

what does the properties division do?

A
  • approves licenses
  • watch for trademark infringement
  • distribute licensing revenues equally among franchises
27
Q

sporting goods industry

A
  • manufacturers of:
  • sport equipment
  • footwear
  • apparel
28
Q

what is the trade association for manufacturers, producers, and distributors of sport apparel

A

SFIA

29
Q

licensee

A

manufacturer of licensed products

30
Q

licensor

A

teams and league payed by licensee

31
Q

what do licensees pay teams/leagues for?

A

for the right to manufacture products bearing teams and school names, colors, logos

32
Q

what does licensing enable schools/teams to generate?

A
  • brand recognition/interest

- increase revenues w/ very little financial risk

33
Q

What do licensees HAVE to assume?

A

the risk created by manufacturing the product and paying fee to the licensor for the use of trademark on products

34
Q

who has the leverage in the licensee/licensor agreement?

A

licensor

35
Q

what is a trademark?

A

“any word, name, symbol, or device adopted and therefore used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify his goods and distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others”

36
Q

what is a trademark defined under?

A

the Federal Trademark Act of 1946, or Lanham Act

37
Q

what do royalty fees generally range from?

A

4%(toys/games) to 20%(trading cards/video games)

38
Q

what are royalty fees based on?

A

gross sales at wholesale cost

39
Q

what do the majority of teams and leagues have as a royalty rate (%)?

A

12%

40
Q

why would an NCAA D1 school administer their own licensing program?

A

the school can retain a greater portion of sales revenues

41
Q

What does CLC stand for and what is it?

A
  • Collegiate Licensing Company
  • formed in 1981
  • recently bought by sport marketing company IMG
42
Q

what does the new IMG college do?

A

articulates licensing agreements on behalf of approximately 200 colleges and universities, bowls, conferences, Heisman

43
Q

who pays a portion of the royalties to the CLC and how much?

A

client colleges

-usually 50% of the royalties

44
Q

what fields are included in the licensing industry?

A
  • league licensing deps
  • collegiate licensing offices
  • retail sales outlets
  • product manufacturers
45
Q

what is a brand’s image?

A

the cumulative impact of all the associations with a particular brand

46
Q

what does it mean to create a brand? what is it doing for your company?

A

creating a distinct identity

47
Q

global sourcing

A

a business turns to a foreign company to manufacture one or more of its products

48
Q

what does global sourcing take advantage of?

A

it takes advantage of manufacturing expertise or lower wage rates in foreign countries

49
Q

what have sport apparel and shoe manufacturers been under fire for?

A

-paying unfair, low wages and supplying unsafe working conditions in their overseas operations (Adidas, Nike, Puma)

50
Q

why did American Needle sue the NFL in 2000?

A

the NFL signed exclusive deal with Reebok and immediately raised prices

Sport Management (7 decks)

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