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Sport Management > Ch 12: Facility Management > Flashcards

Ch 12: Facility Management Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

International Association of Auditorium Manager (IAAM)

A

the professional trade association for the facility management field

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2
Q

what launched the construction of stadiums?

A

increase in the popularity of sport, such as pro baseball and college fball

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3
Q

what dictated the irregular sizes and shapes of the older ballparks?

A

constraints of urban space limitations

-fenway

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4
Q

what happened in 1927 (HOCKEY)

A

hockey owners built arenas to host their teams

-much like baseball

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5
Q

what occurred in arenas on non-hockey nights to fill empty seats?

A

boxing matches, Ice Capades

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6
Q

when ball arenas entered picture, how many tenants were there?

A

two

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7
Q

when did baseball only arenas become obsolete?

A

1960s

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8
Q

how were team owners able to make a good deal of money in terms of constructing an arena?

A

have the host city build the stadium

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9
Q

what did the 1990s see In terms of stadiums?

A

trend toward one-purpose stadiums again

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10
Q

arena

A

indoor facilities that host sporting and entertainment events

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11
Q

what are arenas built to accommodate for?

A

one or more prime sports tenants or to lure a prime tenant to the facility

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12
Q

what are some things that finance intercollegiate facilities?

A
  • private donations
  • endowments
  • student fees
  • fundraising campaigns
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13
Q

what can an owner do in terms of facility management?

A

owner can manage his/her own facility or contract out for private mgmt

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14
Q

what purpose does building adjacent practice fields serve?

A

increases event bookings

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15
Q

stadiums

A

outdoor or domed facilities for baseball, ball, soccer

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16
Q

is it easier to maximize bookings for an arena or stadium?

A

arena

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17
Q

what kind of entity almost always builds and owns convention centers?

A

a public entity

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18
Q

what are convention centers built for?

A

-lure conventions and business meetings to a particular municipality

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19
Q

why are convention centers publicly financed?

A

the rents and fees they charge do not always cover costs

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20
Q

what do university venues consist of?

A

stadiums and arenas that operate under diff economic factors

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21
Q

what dictates market for college venues?

A

student population

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22
Q

what do universities tend to provide the venue with?

A

tenant teams, certain amount of content thru the univ

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23
Q

metropolitan facilities

A
  • venues in large cities (MSG)
  • referred to as a “must play” due to audience size
  • large capacities
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24
Q

local civic facility

A
  • public facility
  • smaller capacity
  • located in small towns or cities
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25
Q

what do local civic facilities provide the public with?

A

the desired event at the best time of the year to avoid competition

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26
Q

sport event

A

specific dates, determined by league

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27
Q

concerts

A

booked months in advance

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28
Q

trade shows

A

multi day events in convention centers

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29
Q

what does federal gov’t allow in terms of facility financing?

A

state and local gov’ts to issue tax-exempt bonds

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30
Q

what does tax exemption lower?

A

it lowers interest on debt and reduces amount that stadiums cost

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31
Q

are convention centers private or publicly financed?

A

almost always publicly financed…raised taxes

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32
Q

funding of Big 4 pro sport venues from 1960s thru 2000s?

A

cost approx $24 billion w/ 64% thru tax dollars

-bonds/hard taxes/soft taxes

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33
Q

how is money to build facilities usually obtained?

A

by issuing bonds

34
Q

two types of tax exempt bonds used by gov’t entities

A
  1. General Obligation

2. Nonguaranteed

35
Q

general obligation bonds

A

backed by the local gov’ts ability to raise taxes to pay off the debt

36
Q

what are the two types of taxable bonds issued by private entities?

A
  • private-placement bonds

- asset backed bonds

37
Q

difference b/w private placement bonds and asset backed bonds?

A

Private placement bonds provide a lien on all future revenues generated by the team. Asset backed bonds are secured thru specific asset

38
Q

what does TIF stand for

A

tax increment financing

39
Q

tax increment financing

A

available in a specific square mileage of land around the facility where the tax base is frozen and any additional taxes added are used to repay the TIF bonds

40
Q

example of TIF

A

KFC Yum! Center is surrounded by a TIF district w/ a 6 square mile radius

41
Q

hard taxes

A

include taxes on:

  • local income
  • real estate
  • personal property
  • general sales
42
Q

what do hard taxes require?

A

voter approval b/c the burden of payment becomes that of the public

43
Q

soft taxes

A

include added taxes to:

  • car rentals
  • hotels
  • restaurants
  • “sin”
  • players
44
Q

why are soft taxes easier to levy?

A

they affect a much smaller portion of taxpayers

45
Q

what are some ways to gain private funding for a facility project include?

A
  • naming rights
  • food/beverage rights
  • luxury suites/premium seating
  • advertising rights
46
Q

what do private donors provide to university athletic departments?

A

provide funding and have their names placed on the new facilities

47
Q

why do cities subsidize sports?

A

sports facilities are thought to improve the local economy

48
Q

what are 4 ways that sports facilities improve the local economy?

A
  1. Inc in construction jobs
  2. Ppl associated w/ team generate new spending in the community…expanding local employment
  3. team attracts tourists/companies to the host city
  4. new spending=multiplier effect (NYC)
49
Q

when is building a stadium good for the local economy?

A

only if the stadium is the most productive way to make capital investments and use its workers

50
Q

what affect does a new sport facility have on economic activity and employment?

A

extremely small effect

51
Q

three categories of facility ownership?

A
  • community/state
  • colleges
  • private facilities
52
Q

community/state ownership/management

A

plethora of regulations and procedures in place

53
Q

college ownership/management

A

funding is based on continued student growth, gifts, institutional subsidies

54
Q

private ownership/mgmt

A

sole motive is for profit

55
Q

what is the goal for management staff?

A

to provide a clean, safe, and comfy environment for patrons

56
Q

functions of a facility?

A
  • security
  • cleanup
  • marketing/sales
  • scheduling/booking
  • ops
  • event promos
  • finance and box office ops
57
Q

private management

A

provides expertise with dedicated personnel and network of facilities that create leverage in making key relationships

58
Q

what needs to be considered when marketing a facility

A
  1. location of venue
  2. culture of community
  3. production of events
59
Q

what has allowed for easier booking of events?

A

the Internet

60
Q

what is the driving force for ticket sales?

A

local economy

61
Q

what is the gaol of promoting a facility?

A

keep financial risks low and profit margins high

62
Q

copromotional model

A

facility and promoters split the risk and revenue

63
Q

rental agreements

A

promoters pay specified amount up front and other costs covered by promoter

64
Q

how do facilities generate revenues?

A
  • tickets
  • luxury suites/club seating
  • concessions
  • parking
  • sponsorships
  • rentals
65
Q

what’re the primary expenses for facilities?

A
  • mortgage/rent

- maintenance and repairs

66
Q

ticket rebate

A

surcharge on ticket that goes to facility

67
Q

ancillary revenue

A

sale of food, beverage, parking, fees, and sponsorships

68
Q

marketing fund

A

profits from other shows put aside to invest in future programs

69
Q

marketing director

A

in-house advertising agent for booked events

  • buys media
  • coordinates promos
  • designs marketing materials
70
Q

public relations director

A

can spin news and position. a facility in the best possible light

  • coordinates TV broadcasts
  • forges solid working relationships w/ TV and radio news directors
71
Q

event director

A

in charge of safety and satisfaction of all facility users

72
Q

booking director

A

devoted to booking events for the facility

-lots of time spent on telephone w/ agents and promoters

73
Q

operations director

A

supervises facility prep for all types of events

74
Q

what does an ops director spend facility’s annual expense budget on?

A
  • labor
  • maintaining and repairing equipment
  • buying necessary supplies
75
Q

advertising/sponsorship/signage salesperson

A

sells signage and event sponsorships

-commission only basis (usually)

76
Q

group ticket salesperson

A

responsible for selling large blocks of tickets for various events to corps, charity orgs, schools

77
Q

box office director

A

sells tix to events as well as collection of all ticket revenue

78
Q

public facilities and energy per sq ft

A

consumer more energy per sq ft than any other retail industry

79
Q

green management teams

A

reduce waste, cut energy usage and pollution, implement recycling programs

80
Q

Americans w/ Disabilities Act

A

prevents discrimination against qualified ppl w/ disabilities

Sport Management (7 decks)

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