Ch. 18 Quiz Flashcards
Stem cells that have lost the ability to divide are called ___.
Differentiated
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the ___.
Inner cell mass
Oct4 and Nanog are transcription factors that are only expressed in ___.
Undifferentiated embryonic stem cells
How are adult stem cells identified?
All of the above are ways in which adult stem cells can be identified.
- lineage analysis of a marker within a labeled potential stem cell
- identification of organelle-like structures called spectrosomes
- genetic mosaicism by transplantation
- identification of signal transduction molecules specific to stem cells
When one daughter cell (from a stem cell that has asymmetrically divided) receives a signaling molecule that the other daughter does not, this is called ___.
Intrinsic asymmetry
Concerning hematopoietic stem cells, which factor is mismatched with its function?
Wnt - signals the stem cells to differentiate into blood cells
N-cadherin -
Adheres stem cells to the niche environment
Notch -
Maintain the stem cell pool as undifferentiated cells
SCF -
Maintains undifferentiated stem cells
Interleukin -
Trigger formation of T lymphocytes
How are intestinal stem cells best identified?
Specific marker called Lgr5
An adult cell that reverts back into an undifferentiated stage is called an ___.
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Which protein is not part of the four needed in making iPSCs in humans?
C-MYC
What cytokine is given to patients to induce the migration of stem cells out of the marrow and into the blood stream?
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
Four proteins needed to make iPSCs in humans
OCT4
NANOG
SOX2
LIN28
All of the following diseases are targets of potential stem cell therapies discussed in the textbook except..
All of the above are disease targets for therapy
- Parkinson’s disease
- arthritis
- spinal cord injuries
- diabetes
Two lambs, Megan and Morag, were produced…
When the nuclei of cultured embryonic cells were transplanted into enucleated eggs
Why is Dolly not a complete clone?
Mitochondrial DNA was provided by the egg cell only
Which is not necessary when improving livestock by pathway engineering, specifically for cysteine biosynthesis?
Metallothionein promoter
All of the following are true statements about imprinting except..
Fetal growth is promoted when the maternal copy of a gene is active
True about imprinting
- methylation generally shuts down eukaryotic genes
- imprinting is a regulatory mechanism that activates only the maternal or paternal copy of a gene
- incorrect imprinting of IGF2R results in large-bodied cloned mammals
- when cloning animals, permanent genetic alterations are not introduced, as evidenced by the ability of a cloned animal to have genetically normal offspring
