Ch. 18 Quiz

Question 1

Stem cells that have lost the ability to divide are called ___.

Answer 1

Differentiated

Question 2

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the ___.

Answer 2

Inner cell mass

Question 3

Oct4 and Nanog are transcription factors that are only expressed in ___.

Answer 3

Undifferentiated embryonic stem cells

Question 4

How are adult stem cells identified?

Answer 4

All of the above are ways in which adult stem cells can be identified.

• lineage analysis of a marker within a labeled potential stem cell
• identification of organelle-like structures called spectrosomes
• genetic mosaicism by transplantation
• identification of signal transduction molecules specific to stem cells

Question 5

When one daughter cell (from a stem cell that has asymmetrically divided) receives a signaling molecule that the other daughter does not, this is called ___.

Answer 5

Intrinsic asymmetry

Question 6

Concerning hematopoietic stem cells, which factor is mismatched with its function?

Answer 6

Wnt - signals the stem cells to differentiate into blood cells

Question 7

N-cadherin -

Answer 7

Adheres stem cells to the niche environment

Question 8

Notch -

Answer 8

Maintain the stem cell pool as undifferentiated cells

Question 9

SCF -

Answer 9

Maintains undifferentiated stem cells

Question 10

Interleukin -

Answer 10

Trigger formation of T lymphocytes

Question 11

How are intestinal stem cells best identified?

Answer 11

Specific marker called Lgr5

Question 12

An adult cell that reverts back into an undifferentiated stage is called an ___.

Answer 12

Induced pluripotent stem cell

Question 13

Which protein is not part of the four needed in making iPSCs in humans?

Answer 13

C-MYC

Question 14

What cytokine is given to patients to induce the migration of stem cells out of the marrow and into the blood stream?

Answer 14

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

Question 15

Four proteins needed to make iPSCs in humans

Answer 15

OCT4
NANOG
SOX2
LIN28

Question 16

All of the following diseases are targets of potential stem cell therapies discussed in the textbook except..

Answer 16

All of the above are disease targets for therapy

• Parkinson’s disease
• arthritis
• spinal cord injuries
• diabetes

Question 17

Two lambs, Megan and Morag, were produced…

Answer 17

When the nuclei of cultured embryonic cells were transplanted into enucleated eggs

Question 18

Why is Dolly not a complete clone?

Answer 18

Mitochondrial DNA was provided by the egg cell only

Question 19

Which is not necessary when improving livestock by pathway engineering, specifically for cysteine biosynthesis?

Answer 19

Metallothionein promoter

Question 20

All of the following are true statements about imprinting except..

Answer 20

Fetal growth is promoted when the maternal copy of a gene is active

Question 21

True about imprinting

Answer 21

• methylation generally shuts down eukaryotic genes
• imprinting is a regulatory mechanism that activates only the maternal or paternal copy of a gene
• incorrect imprinting of IGF2R results in large-bodied cloned mammals
• when cloning animals, permanent genetic alterations are not introduced, as evidenced by the ability of a cloned animal to have genetically normal offspring